@article { author = {Jarwan, Ayman and Ibrahim, Rashidah}, title = {Impact of Human Resources Management Practices on Turnover Intention through Intrinsic Motivation: Evidence from the Jordanian Hospitality Industry}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {1-11}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.103064}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_103064.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_103064_a769cc0d1c6361daf11f96227fa6ef64.pdf} } @article { author = {Aboushouk, Mahmoud and Elsawy, Tamer}, title = {The Impact of User-Generated Content on Digital Transformation of Tourism and Travel Services: Evidence from the Egyptian Travel Agencies}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {12-30}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.106168}, abstract = {The continuous development of information technology has fundamentally revolutionized our communication patterns and behavior through the Internet, establishing a digital medium in which information is consumed and disseminated. In this context, most tourism researches focus on the role of UGC in directing the decision of visitors in determining the tourist destination that could be visited or the service provider that could be selected.  This research aimed at measuring the impact of user-generated content on the digital transformation of Egyptian travel agencies as well as investigating how UGC can stimulate the digital transformation of tourism and travel services. For this purpose, the researchers used the deductive approach and quantitative method. Semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 278 managers out of 1008 travel agencies, in addition to a sample of internet users including social media users, using a simple random sampling technique. Moreover, researchers analyzed the literature regarding the fast-paced e-commerce environment to understand the complicated behaviour of consumer which shows that consumers are rapidly changing and that is what they also expect from the mediums they are dealing with. Findings of the study have indicated that User-generated content has a weak positive effect on the digital transformation of Egyptian travel agencies. Implications for practice were suggested to support the digital transformation of Egyptian travel agencies based on user-generated content.}, keywords = {User Generated Content (UGC),Digital Transformation (DT),Travel Agencies,Tourism and Travel Services}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_106168.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_106168_51ac618dcd119577e3993eb048d6a350.pdf} } @article { author = {AbdelNaby, Heba}, title = {Where did the Mamluk sultan spend his vacation?}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {33-48}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.106170}, abstract = {The Mamluk sources recorded the various internal and external travels of sultans; mentioning that some of them were travels for military purposes, while others where follow up visits. Remarkably, the sources also recorded the travels that could be considered as vacation travels, which we can consider according to our present understanding as tourism. The present study aims to investigate those non-military and non-political travels in order to reveal the preferred destinations of Mamluk sultans for vacation within Egypt. The study aims to clarify the reasons for the sultans’ travels such as recreation, relaxation, hunting, recuperation of illness...etc. It will also disclose how often sultans travelled, what was the average length of their travels and who accompanied them during such travels. Moreover, the study will discuss the activities practiced during such travels for enjoyment and entertainment. The present study intends to focus on the social aspect of the lives of the Mamluk sultans during the travels which can tell a lot about their interests, activities, wealth and social relations with surroundings. It will also discuss the potential use of these destinations in tourism. }, keywords = {Mamluk Sultans,travel destinations,hunting,recreation,recuperation,vacation,suburbs of the capital,heritage}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_106170.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_106170_ba75b3059d89cc04223a209dcce49340.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, EL-Hussein M. and Badr, Raghda M.}, title = {Resources and Capabilities Impact on Egyptian Travel Agencies' and Hotels ' Competitive Advantage: The mediating Role of Environmental Marketing Strategy}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {49-66}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.122196}, abstract = {The extremely dynamic and competitive environment of the tourism industry leads to the search for new methods and strategies to distinguish itself from its competitors. One of the primary trends in this sphere is environmental marketing strategy that can exploit all organizations' resources and capabilities. It can also use as a good strategy and an essential pillar for the development and sustainability of travel agencies, restaurants, catering firms, hotels and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate the organizational resources and capabilities effect on sustainable competitive advantage through the mediating role of environmental marketing strategy within Egyptian travel agencies and hotels. The present study is based on quantitative method to reach its aim. Data collection technique for the study is a structured questionnaire to collect data from 297 managers of five-star hotels and travel agencies (Category A) in Cairo which counted 33 hotels (Egyptian Hotel Guide, 2017) and 1267 travel agents (The Egyptian Travel Agents Association, 2017 and Egyptian Chamber of Tourism Establishments, 2017) to perceive their opinions on these resources and capabilities that lead to adopt an environmentally friendly strategic, and how this strategy affect competitive advantage. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) software. Results of study have been considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Systematic random sampling was used since the subjects were chosen due to their convenient accessibility and proximity. Data collection was carried out during the period from November–December 2019. The study has revealed very valuable results in the way it investigated the perceptions of managers on the role of organizational resources and capabilities which lead to build EMS. Meanwhile, this mediator factor of environmental marketing strategy showed a significant positive effect on agencies’ and hotels’ sustainable competitive advantage.}, keywords = {Organizational Resources and Capabilities,Environmental Marketing Strategy,Competitive advantage,Managers,Travel Agencies,Hotels,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_122196.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_122196_a0a22735cf293e9170ced78456a657e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoud, Yasser and Abd El Maaboud, Ashraf and Ali, EL Hussein}, title = {The Crisis Management Practices: The Case of Egyptian Hotels}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {67-77}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.122438}, abstract = {This research attempts to assess crisis management practices used in 3- & 4-star hotels in great Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh. an integrated approach is implemented to enhance the crisis management system of the hotels. Moreover, the research aims to exploring the crisis management practices which applied and illustrate which practices managers consider important and which practices managers actually use during a crisis.   Data collection technique for the research will be a questionnaire to collect data from different head of Departments or Assistants in 3 & 4-star hotels in great Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh. The questionnaire was sent to 450 participants Responses were received from 400 participants (89%). Obtained data will be analyzed using SPSS version 22. The results of this research explain that 3 & 4 star hotels in great Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh must respond to internal and external hazards such as disease movement and terrorist attacks, Crisis management plan is important to promote hotels and tourist destinations to the guests and holiday advisors. Hotels invest a lot to install protective techniques, Practitioners propose disaster management frameworks using several measurements. Recovery from crisis and learning help business retention that minimizes negative impacts and prevent losses. Finally, effective crisis management plan C.M.P. and organized practices are very important to overcome the hazards and return to normal. It is suggested that knowledge management principles can improve crisis management and planning. To that extent, a conceptual framework is offered. The research has provided hotels managers with some feedback on the overall perception of their CMP and the practices better to use in case of crises. The research has indicated That There is a positive significant statistical relationship between the crisis management practices using incase of crises and booth of the head of department`s awareness about (the concept and functions) and (the Effects and Benefits) of the crises management plan (CMP). Moreover, Most of respondents indicated that the most Practices may use in case of crisis is (Replacing high-tenure employees with line employees), followed by (Freezing pay rates), followed by (Firing employees to reduce labor force), which means that in case of any crisis the hotels industry lost a lot of experienced employees which very dangerous for the industry in case the crisis take a long term. And also, The results from the research indicated that an overall average of the Practices may use in case of crisis in Sharm hotels more than in Cairo hotels.}, keywords = {Crises Management Plan,Practices,Head of Departments,Hotel,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_122438.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_122438_b06b78afa4b350694df3fba44bebae48.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoud, Yasser and Abd El Maaboud, Ashraf and Ali, EL Hussein}, title = {The Impact of Training and Development on Managers Awareness of Crisis Management: The Case of Egyptian Hotels}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {78-88}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.122449}, abstract = {Training and Development are the most important strategic tool for enhancing employee performance. The main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of training and development on managers awareness of crisis management in three and four-star hotels in greater Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh. The descriptive research method was adopted for this study using four hundred valid questionnaires that were completed by selected hotels managers in three and four-star hotels in greater Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh using a simple random sampling technique. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics to represent the raw data in a meaningful manner. Obtained data were analysed using SPSS version 22.  The results show that a strong relationship exists between training and development and the managers awareness of crisis management.}, keywords = {Training and Development,Crisis Management Plan (C.M.P.),head of departments (H.O.D.),Hotel,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_122449.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_122449_d5bbad2e193e1d82da9d66b7c48eca84.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsaed, Ahmed and Hassan, Omnia}, title = {The Relationship Between Guests' Knowledge Awareness and Their Behaviors in Submitting Complaints (Applied on a Sample of Five Star Hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh)}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {89-100}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153607}, abstract = {There are many factors that affect guests' complaining behaviors as follows: guests' lack of knowledge about the accessibility of making complaints, perceived justice, and expected costs and efforts of complaining. This study aims to determine the effect of guests' awareness towards these factors on their complaint’s behaviors. The study also aims to determine if there is a difference in guests' awareness towards the research variables backs to their demographic characteristics. In order to achieve these objectives, a questionnaire form was developed and directed to a random sample of guests in a five star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among them; only 377 forms (94.25%) were valid. The results indicated that guests have not knowledge enough about the entity they should go when they face a problem or bad service, and they didn’t realize that there is justice in hotels towards complaints handling. The respondents usually take a great negative action through speaking to friends and relatives about their bad experience Based upon the findings, some recommendations were suggested and directed to hotel managements. One of the main recommendations was putting guidelines and instructions in clear places inside the hotel which direct guests to how delivering their complaints.}, keywords = {Guests' Awareness,Guests' Behaviors,Complaints,Sharm El-Sheikh Hotels}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153607.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153607_04529a4f4869ccf191e2b9c3e7f52892.pdf} } @article { author = {Sadek, Hany S.}, title = {The Impact of Talent Management Strategies on Employees Performance in Cairo Hotels}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {101-118}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153609}, abstract = {The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between talent management strategies and employee performance at five and four star hotels in Cairo city which is a major tourism destination in Egypt. The field study was done by using questionnaire forms, which were distributed to 294 human resource managers in the investigated hotels in addition to pre-planned interviews with hotel executives. Data were analyzed by using "Statistical Packages for Social Science" - SPSS software version 22. The findings of this study showed that there are significant and positive relationships between talent management variables (i.e., talent planning, developing & attracting, workplace culture, recruitment & retention, and rewarding) and employee performance dimensions (i.e., financial prospective, internal process prospective, & guest prospective). The study shows that the talent management practices are still at the beginning stage, due to the formal interest in human resources and the focus on traditional roles for them without considering the strategic dimension of the talent management in formulating the steps for success and excellence to the hotels. The study suggests that talent management should be included in the organizational chart of the hotel due to its ability to maximize the profitability through playing a vital role in employee engagement, lower recruitment costs and long-term competitiveness of the hotel.}, keywords = {Talent Management,employee performance,Human Resources department,Cairo city,Hotel Industry}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153609.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153609_9f0c128fdcd927030c1fb1627ca195c8.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdou, Hebatallah}, title = {The Power of Uttering in Ancient Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {119-128}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153610}, abstract = {The Egyptian perception of an utterance is the words uttered by a deity, what the deities articulated is considered instructions and regulations. The utterance was a collection of magical words, which were sacred. Whatever comes from the mouth of a deity was believed to be made in his heart, then words were brought or arose from his mouth, which is usually done by the help of the tongue. This idea is clearly represented in the text of the “Memphite Theology”, which was found in the Temple of Ptah. It states that everything was thought in the heart of Ptah, and then came into existence by his tongue. So, the research focusses on the texts concerning the importance and the power of the tongue and the heart. It also discusses the power of uttering a speech in rituals, in addition to a detailed discussion of the texts concerning the force of articulation, and creation through a speech.}, keywords = {utterance,ancient Egypt,Memphite Theology}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153610.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153610_2bfc760842e93441c6ae08d7a7bb310a.pdf} } @article { author = {Kouzmal, Hany and Saleh, Mahmoud and Abd El-Latief, Maisa}, title = {The Factors Affecting Customer Decision on Online Hotel Booking: the Case of Luxor}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {129-142}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153611}, abstract = {With the digital revolution, travelers can compare prices and get information about the experience of other guests, which can influence online hotel booking. In addition to hotel customers can readily find most of the information they need online price, location, star rating, comfort, cleanliness, security, service quality and reputation to compare hotel properties and choose the most appropriate. Online reviews and ratings have an important role in the decision-making process, reducing uncertainty. Interaction is a seriousness feature of marketing communication; hotel website interactivity is indispensable to engage customer attention towards online buying or online booking. The research objective was to shed light on the factors affecting customer decision on online hotel booking. The study has some of limitations: The data was collected through questionnaire with a sample of Luxor hotels the period of January 2020 till March 2020. The received questionnaires were 860, but the correct samples to be statistically analyzed were 720 with a percentage of 83.7 %. This tool was used to investigate the factors affecting customer decision on online hotel booking. Results showed that there are many factors such as (Previous guests' experience, location, price and loyalty program) positively influences on online hotel booking. Moreover, online hotel booking positively influences on hotel booking.}, keywords = {factors,Customer Decision,Online Hotel Booking,Luxor}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153611.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153611_190a296c75427428026f36db75e5a080.pdf} } @article { author = {el-Kady, Marwa}, title = {Program of Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies in Tourism Education: Case Study of a U.S Program and Potentials of Application in Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {143-159}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153612}, abstract = {Museum and cultural heritage studies has become an important trend in various educational institutions and universities all over the world as an essential mean of emphasizing the identity of nations on one hand, and for the economic and cultural benefits gained by protecting it on the other. The main aim of this study is to clarify how such program can be of the highest priorities in Egyptian tourism education today due to the vital role played by cultural heritage in tourism in Egypt. Regarding the fact that such programs are still under development in Egypt, it is important that the study should take a model of an already existing program of this type as a case study to examine its potentials as a standard that can be followed. I was able to achieve the goals of this study and conduct this research as I had the opportunity to study the master program of Heritage and Museum Studies in the University of Denver (DU), Colorado, U.S on ground as a Fulbright award granted visiting scholar in the academic year 2018/2019. The research therefore aims at studying the importance of such a program and how it benefits students in terms of academic outcomes in general and how museum studies form a very important part of it. The research uses the methodology of "case study" of the program of the University of Denver, participant observation of the major components of the program in classrooms or in field; and the "analytical study" of its curricula, courses, syllabi, instructional strategies and internship in seeking to achieve the research objectives to examine the possibilities and potentials of developing a similar program in tourism education in Egypt. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews addressed to students about their perceptions and expectations; and professors of the program about the teaching strategies and methods used in the program. The Research ends with a suggested framework of a program of museum and cultural heritage studies that can be developed in the Egyptian tourism education.}, keywords = {Cultural Heritage Program,education,Museum Studies,curriculum,Internship}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153612.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153612_982a065051b1125a6b0b9b294d6c9ed3.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghanem, Mohamed}, title = {Profiling Food Waste in the Hospitality Industry by Exploring Restaurant Managers' Attitudes}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {160-174}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153613}, abstract = {Most hospitality establishments are aiming at eliminating avoidable FW as a vital part of their cost control program. This action seems to be a standard and efficient tool in cutting operational costs. This research aims to track and identify the main reasons and sources of FW in the hospitality industry, identify top food categories related to FW and major FW causes in restaurants, determine the restaurant's opportunities to reduce the amount of wasted food and investigate restaurant managers' attitudes toward FW management concept, FW practices and guest's plate waste. Depending on the descriptive method, the research was accomplished through interviewing 47 restaurant's managers in Alexandria to determine the primary sources of restaurants' FW. The research questionnaire was developed to collect data from managers in restaurants that serves multi choices in their food menus and offers the opportunity to dine in. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by calculating Cronbach's Alpha value (0.766). Statistical techniques of descriptive statistics were used. The research findings confirmed that there are positive attitudes toward FW management concepts, practices and profitable actions among restaurants' managers.}, keywords = {Food waste,Hospitality,Restaurant Attitudes,Practices}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153613.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153613_f91919ce0dfe7beda4a5e0145978d36b.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Doaa and Zein, Mohamed and Heragi, Mohammed}, title = {The Grand Egyptian Museum and its Role in Achieving Sustainable Tourism in the Memphite Necropolis}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {175-193}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153615}, abstract = {Egypt is considered as one of the weighty touristic countries in the world. It possesses a cultural and natural heritage that attracts millions of tourists every year. The Egyptian government decided to create a new cultural and heritage attraction which is the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) that will house more than 100,000 artifacts from the Pharaonic, Greek and Roman eras and will give a major boost to the tourism sector in Egypt. Announced in 2002, the GEM is believed to be the national Egyptian project of the century as it is one the largest museums in the World displaying the heritage of a single civilization. The Memphite necropolis is a historical place near the GEM and has many archaeological and environmental tourism attractions as well as many traditional handicrafts that form a diversified tourism product. However, there are clearly still shortcomings in this area to be put on the map of sustainable tourism. The existence of the GEM could be a strong motivator for achieving tourism development and finding solutions for the tourism sustainability in the region. The objectives of the study are to indicate the role of the GEM as a global museum on the Egyptian tourism sector. The paper would find effective tools, with the GEM facilities, for revival and touristic development of important heritage sites in the Memphite Necropolis (specifically the strip from Abu Rawash to Dahshur). It shows the historical relationship between the artifacts of GEM that were discovered at the Memphite necropolis and their places of discovery. In displaying these artifacts and in demonstrating the story behind them, a connection would be created to attract the tourists for visiting their places of discovery (mostly including important pyramids). This would be a tool of upgrading and enhancing the archaeological map of the site for increasing the number of tourists by using the Tourism Routes and Trails starting by the GEM. Besides, the study sheds the light on the other factors of tourist attraction and identifies the problems facing the marketing and the tourism sustainability of the region to develop solution and proposals for it. It also indicates the main principles of tourism sustainability and proposes some means for creating a sustainable tourism in the region that serve the local community without damaging the region’s cultural heritage as well as its natural and environmental wealth. The study relied on a descriptive analytical methodology based on a field study analysis. It describes and analyse the significance of GEM and the historical and archaeological importance of the Memphite Necropolis. It also sheds light on the problems facing the Sustainable Development and the needed Projects: A survey was made by distributing a random sample for tour guides, academic members in faculties and institutes of tourism and hotels, tourist experts, workers in ministry of tourism and antiquities as well as secondary data. The study concluded the necessity of sustaining these world heritage sites, completing and improving its services, making a good marketing plan for it, and including it in the tourist itineraries as main places for visits. Finally, it recommends some additional cultural, educational, entertaining, touristic, building, and economic projects for creating new motivations for the tourist attraction and more chances for a sustainable tourism. }, keywords = {GEM,Tourism Routes,Cultural heritage,Memphite Necropolis,Itineraries,sustainable tourism}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153615.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153615_14e834940612a7898bc13a3d644019f0.pdf} } @article { author = {Gomaa, Mostafa}, title = {Food Industry in Egypt in the Late Roman Period (A.D 284-641)}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {194-201}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153619}, abstract = {In the late Roman era, the food industry such as bread, meat, salted fish, oil and wine, as well as other commodities, played an important role in public life, as it was mostly used for local production. The Egyptians innovated in variating their food industries, which were based on the satisfaction of buyers. the variety of the bread industry, which appeared in various forms is clearly recorded in Greek papyri uncovered from Greco-Roman Egypt. Food manufacturers have often followed Egyptian traditions inherited from ancient Egypt, yet they sometimes add new forms. This article focuses on, the food industries in the late Roman or Byzantine period, especially in the countryside, as these industries are linked to their raw materials, which were concentrated in rural agricultural production or areas of consumption in cities.}, keywords = {food,industry,Roman Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153619.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153619_b0e5f577df43ca57e2b4ab9967715e04.pdf} } @article { author = {Gerges, Noha}, title = {The Common Figs ‘Ficus Carica’ in Ancient Egypt until the New Kingdom}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {202-216}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153621}, abstract = {This research is entitled as “The Common Figs ‘Ficus Carica’ in Ancient Egypt until the New Kingdom”.  The Common figs were cultivated in Egypt from an early date and is frequently mentioned in offering lists and other texts from the Old Kingdom onwards. The fig fruit was considered a common food source for ancient Egyptians; hence figs were frequently presented in offering scenes and were represented in food tables in many other wall scenes. Figs had also magical means and were used to fight the physical symptoms of illness by the application of a remedy or physical treatment. Several scenes had figured the figs fruits collection in the tombs of nobles and high officials of the Old kingdom and onwards. The objectives of the research: –       This research aims to focus the light on the term fig in ancient Egyptian language. –       This study aims to study and analyze the fig fruit in ancient Egypt. –       This research also aims to collect the published representations of the fig collection scenes in order to better understand its functions. –       It also aims to determine the medical prescriptions where figs were used as a main ingredient. The research framework: The research framework is an artistic study, for studying the common Figs ‘Ficus Carica’ in ancient Egypt. The research type: The research is a combined study between both descriptive and analytical sides.}, keywords = {Ficus carica,Ancient Egyptian Language,Healing Prescriptions,figs,Tomb Scenes}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153621.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153621_01a260e94c41c065376fcf10692f3c12.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalil, Noha and Elgohary, Ayman}, title = {The role of industrial heritage in sustainable tourism development Case study of Mina EL-Basal district in Alexandria –Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {217-250}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153625}, abstract = {Abstract Industrial heritage has become a new tourist attraction and Alexandria has great potentials in this field. This paper aims to review different forms of industrial heritage in different tourist destinations. It also attempts to provide a basis for understanding, management and development of industrial heritage in tourism with a special reference to Mina EL-Basal district in Alexandria by proposing two main hypotheses; First, there are potentials of reusing industrial heritage buildings of Mina EL-Basal in tourism. And second, Re-using industrial heritage buildings of Mina EL-Basal can positively contribute to sustainable tourism development. Methodology of "case study" was used, and data was collected using semi-structured interview addressed to stakeholders. The study shows that there are potentials for re-using industrial heritage of Mina EL-Basal district in tourism industry, and more efforts should be undertaken in this direction. The research indicated to the important role the industrial heritage of Mina EL-Basal district can play in sustainable tourism development in Alexandria, and a vision for re-using of the industrial buildings of Mina EL-Basal district has been proposed.}, keywords = {Industrial Heritage,alexandria,Mina EL-Basal District,Alexandria Heritage Catalogue of 2007,Sustainable tourism Development}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153625.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153625_ed196a62e38a0af7a5f4cb71cde7e82a.pdf} } @article { author = {Bahaa Eldin, Rania and Hammad, Ahmed}, title = {Marketing Egyptian Crafts Villages for Preserving the Cultural Heritage "Applied on the Nubian Village of Gharb Soheil"}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {251-269}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153623}, abstract = {The crafts' value is widely acknowledged for the cultural heritage, and deserved attention to its different applications in tourism. This illustrates the key role that crafts play in preserving the traditional heritage. This research depended upon primary data through addressing 450 questionnaire forms to tourists: from October 2019 to January, 2020. The number of valid forms was 392, representing 87.1%. The questionnaires were formed to shed light on the role of crafts villages as a way towards preserving the Egyptian cultural heritage and identify the tourism marketing process of Gharb Soheil. It also depended upon secondary data related to the research's subject. The findings have revealed that despite the significant cultural value of Gharb Soheil crafts village and the importance of its crafts in preserving a part of the Egyptian cultural heritage, there is no effective marketing for it. The research recommends adopting a marketing plan depending basically upon promotional methods represented in increasing publications concerning Gharb Soheil crafts village and setting up an official website concerning Gharb Soheil and its unique crafts. Furthermore, it recommends carrying out market research for targeting and segmenting tourists and determining their needs and wants. The research also recommends doing post visit and post purchase research for measuring tourists' satisfaction with their visit to the village, and tackling any problems found.  }, keywords = {heritage,culture,Crafts,Crafts Villages,marketing,Gharb Soheil}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153623.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153623_4a140655778447a1d1e9c4b53e1e11c9.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Sarah}, title = {Gamification Impact on Enhancing Visiting Entertainment Destination: The Case of Siwa Oasis}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {270-282}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153626}, abstract = {In order to anticipate, address and overcome the new challenges and trends of the Tourism sector, the World Tourism Organization is currently focusing on a strategy on Innovation and Digital Transformation. Gamification can be a key element Digital Transformation and one of AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (virtual reality) applications. gamification has gained up growing attention from researchers of multiple fields including health care, education, marketing, and tourism. It is believed that gamification of tourism can contribute to a richer experience and higher level of satisfaction. This paper discusses how game designs elements can be enhancing destination visiting process (before, during and after the visit) through 6D framework design (it is a design process with 6 steps including, define business objectives, delineate target behavior, describe your players, devise activity loops, do not forget the fun, and deploy appropriate tools). This study consolidates three dimensions of gamification elements (game design, brand app experience, and consumer–brand satisfy aaaction) to explore the impact of gamification at purchase intentions. The results indicated that there is no correlation between the mentioned dimensions and gender. It also indicated that game design, and brand applications experience were critical factors for influencing the purchase intention of clients while consumer–brand satisfaction has no influence on purchase intention.}, keywords = {Gamification,Game Design Elements,Purchase Intention,Entertainment Destination}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153626.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153626_2caf1877671a192b110d03f8dfd2f54e.pdf} } @article { author = {Halim, Sarah and el Weshahy, Mofida}, title = {The Camel in Coptic Art an Artistic and Archaeological Study}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {283-299}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.153627}, abstract = {The camel is considered one of the most important desert animals. Evidence for its presence returns to the early periods but it was not widely used as other animals in Egypt. From the 1st and 2nd dynasties camels were known among the domesticated animals such as donkeys, oxen, pigs, and other cattle, then it stopped in appearance for a period. The camel’s real spread in Egypt was with the Greek conquest, the Ptolemaic and Roman periods to the degree that they were used in their armies. Evidence for their presence in Egypt since the early periods were found; painted on walls or artifacts that were found formed in the shape of camels, beside the daily life utensils and toys. Moreover, pieces of ostraca having contracts for sales and purchases operations including its prices gave us more information about it and about the new job of the camels’ shepherds. Camels were known during the Coptic period, as represented on the walls of the tombs as in Al- Bagawat tombs in Kharga oasis especially the chapel of Exodes and walls of the Monasteries and Churches. Camels were used by the artists in depicting the religious stories of the Old Testament or accompanying saints especially St. Mena and were represented during sharing in daily life works such as transporting crops from place to another. Applying descriptive and analytical methods, this research aims to indicate the type of camels, to trace the history of camel’s entrance into Egypt, to uncover the the camel’s scenes in Egypt during the Coptic period and to study the different appearances of camels and its development in art.}, keywords = {camel,Coptic Art,St. Mena,Terracotta,Wall Painting,lanterns}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153627.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_153627_1163ef0e7b8797f65b5195ef7a29ec3b.pdf} } @article { author = {Dardir, Mohamed}, title = {The Relation between Scenes and Texts of the Book of the Gates and Amduat applied on Seti I Tomb}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {300-324}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.155890}, abstract = {This paper investigated the relation between the Book of Gates and the Book of Amduat applied on the tomb of king Seti I (KV17) According to Piankoff (1962) statement that the scenes of the first 5 divisions of the Book of Gates related to the first 6 hours of the Book of Amduat, Regen, (2014) highlighted the relation between scenes of the 1st and 2nd of the version without illustration of the book of Amduat and the 1st and the 2nd division of the book of Gates on the tomb of (Pedeamenope TT33).}, keywords = {6 hours Amduat,5 Divisions Book of Gates,Seti I Tomb}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_155890.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_155890_1c23c872a2889433287254b1306cabab.pdf} } @article { author = {Orabi, Rania and Fadel, Doaa}, title = {The Role of Tour Guide Performance in Creating Responsible Tourist Behavior: An Empirical Study: Archaeological Sites in Alexandria}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {325-346}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.156555}, abstract = {In spite of, Alexandria has many tourist attractions, but its archaeological sites are seen as most attracting many tourists. In consideration of the growth of mass tourism at archaeological sites, tourists’ behavior and their numbers may have many possible harmful effects such as noise, overcrowding and pollution. Although, there are many factors that can affect tourists' behavior in the destination, but this research has interested to study the relationship between tour guide performance and responsible tourist behavior at archaeological sites by analyzing the impact of intermediate factors like tourist satisfaction and experience. This research has been based on a descriptive survey method through distributing a set of questionnaires from 21 November 2019 until mid-December 2019 at certain archaeological sites in Alexandria. The structural model was tested on a sample of 334 tourists who have visited these sites. This study was based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate and check the reliability and validity of the current conceptual model and path analysis to test the mediation effects of tourism experience and satisfaction. Finally, the Structural equation modeling (SEM) has shown the effective role of tour guide performance, tourism experience and tourism satisfaction in directing tourists' behavior towards responsible behavior. }, keywords = {Tour guide performance,Responsible tourist behavior,tourist satisfaction,Tourism Experience,alexandria}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_156555.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_156555_ad1c44aa1b3eb77346cbd81e689def19.pdf} } @article { author = {GadAllah, Sherihan Ibrahim Ibrahim}, title = {Using Modern Technologies in the Museums’ Exhibitions: The Grand Egyptian Museum as a Case Study}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {14}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {347-359}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2020.299549}, abstract = {Museums are vital for learning about our culture and history. Museums also hire professionals to restore and care for these priceless items so that future generations can enjoy them. We would almost likely lose the concrete ties to our past if museums did not exist. Incorporating interactive components and modern technology into a museum setting is not a novel notion. Museums have permanently housed actual items. Audio recordings with explanations, interactive displays, and video pieces have all been used. Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality will certainly continue this trend but in somewhat different ways separate ways. The advancement of technology and the existence of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality technology and its use in museums, have helped to increase the importance of museums and make better use of them, allowing us to learn more about our history and civilization in a more enjoyable manner. }, keywords = {Museum,the Grand Egyptian Museum,Virtual reality,augmented reality,Hologram}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_299549.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_299549_0d437a8baa47f073e11fac49c7c80b35.pdf} }