@article { author = {Shehawy, Yasser}, title = {Effects of Using Technological Innovations on Developing Tourism Education and Learning Methods: Paradigm Shift from Learning Outcomes Perspective}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {1-26}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30218}, abstract = {Fostering e-learning information and communication technologies (ICTs) in tourism are used to explain how technological innovations improving the tourism learning outcomes. Technological innovations can be used in enhancing tourism knowledge, experiences and employment skills provision, and adapting work-experienced maximization methods. The aims of the study are: putting substantial improvements guidelines in quality of tourism educational process, measuring effects of using technological tools and possibilities on developing tourism education and learning methods, explaining how learning outcomes interrelated with tourism employability and job competitiveness, and putting paradigm shift from learning outcomes perspective. Wide random sample approach used to maximize accuracy and realistic primary data collection process, 540 valid respondents were collected from tourism education academic staff and employees. The structure model analysis depends on using SPSS V.21, and Smart Partial Least Squares and Structural Equation Modeling (SmartPLS-SEM 3.0) programs. They were applied to conduct descriptive analysis, relationship intermediates, factor loadings and reliability, cross loadings, discriminant validity and convergent validity of study model. The analysis of the discussed variables in the current study comprises; technological innovation tools, characteristics, reasons and justifications, tourism curriculum mapping design measurements, Kolb’s learning styles modes, Bloom's digital taxonomy and Web2.0 social media, employability competitiveness, learning outcomes, future of innovative technology tools, and future of traditional classroom tools. The major findings from the study model supported and confirmed significant relationships between tourism learning outcomes and the following five main variables: tourism curriculum mapping design measurements, Kolb’s learning styles modes, Bloom's digital taxonomy and Web2.0 social media, and employability competitiveness as reflective and formative indicators. Moreover, obtained findings recognized effects and supported positive relationships between using technological innovations on tourism learning outcomes in the future, and employability and job competitiveness. In contrast, findings supported negative relationships between using traditional classrooms systems on tourism learning outcomes in the future, and on employability and job competitiveness. The study ended with integrated complex paradigm shift in tourism e-learning links.}, keywords = {technological innovations,Tourism Learning Outcomes,E-learning,Tourism Employability,SmartPLS-SEM,Kolb,Bloom,Web2.0 Social Media}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30218.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30218_c96e794620223b94237a913081873c88.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsayed, Sally}, title = {Aqua Park Facilities as an Attraction Tool to Family Market: A Case Study on Hurghada's Hotel Properties – Red Sea, Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {27-37}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30219}, abstract = {Purpose– hotel business is facing an increasing competition in the hospitality market, especially where this competition is not taking place over the local market, but it is evolving all over the competitor destinations. That is why they are required to develop unique recreational facilities that would appeal to families and leisure travelers. Recently, Aqua Parks are vastly becoming one of the most popular recreational facilities in this business. It is wonderful fun-filled places, where families can spend their vacations splashing or lounging in carefree enjoyment, meanwhile, ensuring the required safety for them and for their children. Water has an ability to change the way people experience places through the enjoyment, peaceful and refreshing it brings. This study examines how Aqua Park facilities can be considered as an attraction tool to families and how it can lead to customers’ satisfaction and influence hotels with water park customers’ repeat business. It will also highlight how these properties can have a competitive edge that can attract families with children, and it might be used to enrich their experience through tailoring up a variety of programs that can suit this growing market needs and expectations. Design/methodology/approach– the data were collected via a questionnaire addressed to regular customers in these Hotel properties with aqua park facilities in the Hurghada - Red Sea region. Research limitations/implications– the research focused on a sample of hotel properties with aqua park facilities in the Hurghada - Red Sea, Egypt. }, keywords = {Aqua Park,hospitality experience,repeating business,Customer satisfaction,continuous patronage}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30219.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30219_0d7aa64657af00000516193de41269a2.pdf} } @article { author = {Alsamawi, Habis}, title = {Responsible Tourism in Bahrain}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {38-49}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30220}, abstract = {The tourism industry has become one of the most considerable economic sectors in the world. Gulf countries, especially Bahrain, included tourism as one of the most important exports that will help to diversify the country's Gross National Product (GNP), dependence on oil exporting only. However, little research has been done to highlight the driving factors of tourism and its impact on economic and cultural development, or focused on ways to outweigh these negatives through a cautionary management of tourism and increasing tourist willingness to pay. This paper is a behavior oriented study that investigates and explains the perceptions and preferences of responsible tourists toward selected tourism sites in Bahrain. It is structured in threefold: first, it reviews the historical development of tourism in Bahrain; second, it presents the research approach and the selection of the analyzed sites; third, it presents the findings concerning tourists' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, tourism participation rates, and perceptions toward responsible tourism. Data were collected by means of questionnaire interviews. 844 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings demonstrated the importance of the tourists' concerns in the planning process of tourism sites.   }, keywords = {Bahrain,Responsible tourism,behavioral approach,tourism planning,perceptions and value systems,sustainable tourism}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30220.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30220_653956dfa3eaf3d7b424aecfd6b79bc1.pdf} } @article { author = {Fathy, Hebatullah and Zidan, Boussy}, title = {Judges’ Costumes during the ‘Abbasid and the Mamluk Eras based on the Archaeological Manuscripts}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {50-66}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30221}, abstract = {Systematic judiciary was not known to the Arabs until the beginning of Islamic era. Tribe’s Sheikh was to deal with any conflicts, deriving his holdings from old traditions. However, Muslims’ systematic judiciary was using definite rules derived from The Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic ḥadith-s. This paper issues the judges’ costumes and how they were mostly different from one era to another. Since the 5th century A.H, special types of cloth were to distinguish a judge’s position; which he must takes off if he was discharged. Of these, pallium (ṭailasān), Ad-Dūnaiyah, Qūrqūfa, black turban or ‘Emama, etc. Referred improvement is drawn out the archaeological manuscripts of these historical eras. This research aims to: (1) illuminates on the beginning of systematic judiciary in the Islamic epoch, (2) emphasizes the importance of costumes in characterizing judges from other employers, and (3) describes the judges’ uniform and its improvement through several eras of the Islamic epoch.  }, keywords = {judges,uniform,pallium (ṭailāsān),Ad-Dūnaiyah,Qurqūfa,‘Emama}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30221.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30221_860d84c4498c9656deae50c793bb8afd.pdf} } @article { author = {Zaki, Karam}, title = {Hotel Managers’ Perception of the Internal Environment for Innovation: The Case of Egyptian Hotels}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {67-86}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30222}, abstract = {  For many individuals the term innovation stands for success and something new in our lives. Some might think of their first smart phones, others of using solar panels on their roof. But innovation is so much more; it moves our society forward especially in case of the high market competition. Innovation has not attracted fair attention in the Egyptian hotel industry, as it is difficult to measure. Hence, this work developed first a theoretical model of innovation determinants and outcomes, to help the hotel managers and executives to better manage innovation especially in cases of competition and recession periods. The theoretical foundations of this conceptual framework are based on the Attitude–behaviour theory. Second, this research highlighted the importance of perceived innovation among a sample of hotel managers in Cairo and Sharm El-Sheikh based in Egypt. Furthermore, new determinants and key indicators to the innovation in hotels (work-life balance; usage of sustainability indicators; innovation importance knowledge; demographic factors) were first, to date, researched and examined in the Egyptian hotel sector in relation to the perceived innovation and innovation success. The researcher distributed a self-administered questionnaire to a sample of 450 hotel managers in 55 Egyptian five-star hotels based in Cairo and Sharm El-Sheikh. The current research tested hypotheses using the Structure equation modelling (SEM) and the analysis of regression performed by AMOS software 20.   The results revealed that the key determinants of innovation such as work-life balance, key sustainable indicators usage, innovation importance knowledge and some demographic factors (marital status, gender, level of education and age) had an effect on the perceived innovation construct and business success afterwards. In addition, hotel managers experienced significantly differences in innovation according to some demographic characteristics. Implications for practice are discussed as well as future research scenes are offered.}, keywords = {Innovation,Egyptian hotel managers,Critical success factors,business success,Demographic Characteristics}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30222.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30222_45af69631da23266f79dbd3ad28f1360.pdf} } @article { author = {Youssef, Fatma}, title = {The Role of Faculties of Tourism and Hotel Management in Developing the Etiquette and Communication Skills for Students within the Educational Community}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {87-102}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30223}, abstract = {Personality development is a cautious and continuous effort of individuals to inculcate attributes like positive attitude, etiquette and positive body language in their personality so that they achieve new heights in Tourism Industry. Tourism industry is a people to people, intangible and glamour’s industry which demands professionals which have a right blend of hard skills and soft skills. So, we must Focus on the importance of the role of tourism studies department of faculties of tourism in developing students' skills within the educational community as a prelude to their dealings in the tourism work, with another perspective: tourism education and capacity building for Employment. For the purposes of this paper, we will focus on Development tourism service etiquette and communication skills for the students such as listening and speaking skills, body language, eye contact, feedback and also, the importance of the development of these skills not only through scientific material, but also practical training through educational tourism companies within the tourism colleges. Problem of study: Although the teaching of theory scientific materials in departments of tourism studies for the development of students 'skills and capacity-building as a prelude to their dealings in the tourism work like study (Etiquette and the Protocol), but it did not achieve the desired goal to develop students' skills in proportion to the tourism labor market.  }, keywords = {etiquette skills,communication skills,Service quality,tourism department}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30223.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30223_3bd0ffbc96a3bc113993e65b072121b9.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelhamid, Taher}, title = {Tree Goddess Scenes in the New Kingdom Private Tombs at Thebes}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {103-120}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30224}, abstract = {Tree cults in the historical period began with purely local cults which at an early time became associated with nonlocal deities as their forms or attributes. Most plants other than trees played an important part only in magic, medicine, and folklore. The ancient Egyptian glorified the sycamore nht and they adopted it as the mansion of goddess. Furthermore, they adore the broad-leafed persea iSd tree. The date palm, bnra- the word means "sweet"-a garden tree common in the dynastic period and in modern Egypt. In addition, the acacia (Snd), a tree which has always been very common. All previous trees were the most important trees in ancient Egyptian dogma. Private tombs of the New Kingdom were shown these two trees on their walls. This paper aims to investigate the tree goddess scenes in Theban necropolis during the New Kingdom. It will be make analysis to tombs' scenes to deduct the following points: the different positions of the deceased, the place of these scenes, the shapes of goddess, the kinds of gifts which the goddess presents to the dead man, the goddesses which connected to the tree goddess and the similar and different countenances between each cemetery in Theban necropolis concerning these scenes. This paper employs a descriptive and analytical methodology. The study explains the most preserved scenes but in its analysis makes an inventory to all scenes.    Through studying the scenes of the tree goddess in the New Kingdom private tombs at Thebes, this study concludes that there are fifty eight scenes were depicted. The tree goddess takes different shapes and there were not a specific place for it in the tomb.}, keywords = {Tree Goddess,Theban Necropolis,New Kingdom,Private tombs}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30224.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30224_e1a22d423cba9645e9bee71ec00e64ac.pdf} } @article { author = {El Barbary, Mohamed and Al Tohamy, Aisha and Ali, Ehab}, title = {Shiite Connotations on Islamic Artifacts from the Fatimid period (358-567 A.H/ 969-1171 A.D) Preserved in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {121-137}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30225}, abstract = {The Fatimid, who were Ismaili Shiaa, ruled to Egypt between (358-567 A.H/ 969-1171 A.D) for about 208 years. They left a lot of artifacts, which are recently preserved in the Museum of Islamic Arts in Cairo, including: wooden memorable Mihrabs (Niches), gravestones, coins, textiles and ceramics. These artifacts have been decorated with written, geometrical, botanical, animal and other patterns, which are mainly influenced by the Shiite doctrine as a part of their plan to promote for Shiism among Egyptians secretly and publicly. However most of these patterns are common to be used as decorative themes is Islamic Art, they also have Shiite connotations related to the Shiite idea of “Zahir (Obvious) and Batin (Hidden)”, referring that every obvious meaning has a hidden meaning. So that, this study aims to illustrate the hidden meanings (connotations) of these patterns, depending on reviewing the literature of Shiite thoughts and believes.}, keywords = {Shiite Connotations,Fatimids,Fatimid Arts,Artifacts,Fatimid Ornaments,Zahir and Batin}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30225.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30225_e85cbedd1af4930791ec2b163782431b.pdf} } @article { author = {Anwar, Mary}, title = {La Représentation de l'Aigle dans l'Art Copte}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {138-157}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30226}, abstract = {L'aigle est le roi des oiseaux rapaces, l’un des plus forts et il est le plus gros oiseau de proie, à la vue perçante. Il représente plusieurs symboles dans l'art chrétien. Il est associé au symbolisme du soleil, symbole des fils d'Horus dans l'art égyptien. Il est de même en relation avec les plus grandes divinités gréco-romaines tells que Zeus, Jupiter, Pan, Ares.Dans le Christianisme, l'aigle représente l'image de la force, de la détermination ainsi que la résurrection du Christ. Il est également le symbole de la croix quand il étend ses ailes. Il devient l'emblême de la puissance et de la majesté de l'empire romain. L'aigle a été maintes fois mentionné dans la Bible. Les Juifs le considèrent comme volaille profane, interdit à manger (Lv 11:13-14) (Dt 14:12-13).Plusieurs versets décrivent ses caractéristiques, sa rapidité: "Volant comme un aigle" (Dt 28:49),"Comme un aigle elle s'envolera vers les cieux " (Pv 23:4-6). “Ils prennent de l'envergure comme des aigles". (Es 40:31). "De là il épie sa proie, il plonge au loin son regard" (Jb 39:29). Il est à la tête de cou dénudé "rends-toi aussi chauve que le vautour" (Mch1:16). Ezéchiel y a fait allusion dans sa vision divine (Ez1). Saint Jean l'évangéliste en est lui-même le symbole.L'aigle représente la nouvelle vie qui commence par le baptême. Ilest en relation avec le lion et le serpent. Ainsi cette recherche vise-t-elle à éclaircir les raisons de l'utilisation des symboles dans l'art chrétien en donnant un bref aperçu sur l'aigle dans l'art égyptien, dans l'art gréco-romain et les différents autres arts et surtout à souligner l'importance de l'aigle , son symbolisme dans l'art copte à travers quelques exemples représentant l'aigle puis à faire renaître l'importance du patrimoine copte , enfin à faire profiter de cette recherche dans le domaine du tourisme.}, keywords = {l'Aigle,l'Art Copte}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30226.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30226_2db8202dd837ed8db1198f55bfd9acc7.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsayed, Yousery and Hefny, Mohamed and Marghany, Mostafa and Radwan, Ahmed}, title = {The Evaluation of Restaurants Websites: American Pizza Restaurants Case Study}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {158-174}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30227}, abstract = {Many Authors highlighted the advantage of being affiliated in hospitality industry. This was challenged by the evolution of technology and new generations' characteristics. Today’s Internet afforded limitless opportunities for independent restaurants to stand against the affiliated ones. The wide spread of smartphones created an opportunity to reach customers anywhere and opened a channel of distribution for restaurants products targeting new generations, who were recognized as technology savvy customers.The research aimed to evaluate the restaurants’ websites in today’s business environment. This research used restaurant's website assessment tool and word cloud analysis technique. The authors developed a website checklist, which was customized for restaurants. The study started with sixty-seven restaurants (i.e., twenty-eight independent restaurants, thirty-nine chain restaurants) and ended with forty-seven restaurants (i.e., twelve independent restaurants, thirty-five chain restaurants) which were included in the research sample. The research findings highlighted several issues in restaurants’ websites’ performance and how far the affiliation supported restaurants’ websites compared with independent ones. A list of recommendations was developed to help restaurants’ owners in maximizing the impact of affiliation on their business and to develop their restaurants’ websites.}, keywords = {Restaurants Websites,Affiliated Restaurants,Independent Restaurants,Restaurants Business Environment}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30227.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30227_feba738a84d6aa76e705404b1e08d6c2.pdf} } @article { author = {Zaki, Karam}, title = {Investigating the Entrepreneurship Behaviour among Hospitality Undergraduates in Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {175-194}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30228}, abstract = {The present paper makes an attempt to highlight the concept of entrepreneurship behaviour as a new way of employment patterns among hospitality seekers. Nowadays the hospitality graduates find themselves facing the public and private sector challenges. Work vacant places in both the Egyptian public and private sector are seldom to get it due to many problems such as nepotism, lack of salaries fairness, government legislation and privatization. Entrepreneurial behaviour has been a vibrant field of study because of the advantages of its career creation for those who need a career opportunity in their own potential companies. The main aim of this comparative research is to understand undergraduate student behaviour for entrepreneurship and the factors affecting entrepreneurial behaviour in the tourism and hospitality faculties in two different samples of universities in Egypt. One is private Pharos University in Alexandria and the other is public Fayoum University in Fayoum. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a convenient sample of 130 students based in Fayoum and 60 students from the private one. Results revealed that respondents are considering entrepreneurship and interested in it especially in case of tourism crises that has been appeared after Egypt revolution and the inflation decision of the Egyptian central bank 2016. This research hypothesised that different personality traits, and education influence and shape the hospitality graduates entrepreneurial intentions. Some implications for practice are discussed and the research conceptual model contribution is recommended.}, keywords = {Entrepreneurship,entrepreneurial behaviour,Hospitality Graduates,public sector,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30228.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30228_2897694b7545ab5671b69dc222201d59.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalil, Noha and Fathy, Eslam}, title = {Assessing the Accessibility of Disabled Guests' Facilities for Enhancing Accessible Tourism: Case Study of Five- Star Hotels' Websites in Alexandria}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {195-207}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30229}, abstract = {The World Tourism Day 2016 was about accessible tourism "Tourism for All - promoting universal accessibility. The aim of the paper is to improve the accessibility of disabled guests' facilities on hotels' websites in order to maximize Alexandria's share of international disabled tourist market. The study developed an assessment criteria template of hotels websites accessibility for disabled guests. The methodology of content analysis was used in order to assess the accessibility of potential disabled guest's facilities of five- star hotels websites in Alexandria according to the template. The results indicated that the hotels’ websites, according to various impairments, are not fully accessible, so that the hotel operations and the destination could lose a promising share of tourist market. In order to enable disabled people to equitable access to their hotel facilities, the current study recommended using assistive technologies and varied display methods on hotels  websites' for making information about disabled guests' facilities more accessible. }, keywords = {Accessible Tourism,disability facilities,assessment criteria,WCAG2.0,Content Analysis}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30229.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30229_f36e61d7c048f07819520bff91f79ecb.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelgawwad, Mohamed}, title = {Evaluating the Competition Environment between the Global Chain Quick Service Restaurants and the Local Egyptian Quick Service Restaurants in Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {208-221}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30230}, abstract = {The world became global village as a result of the globalization in these days. So, the global Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs) expanded globally especially in the Arab markets. The global QSRs adapted local traditional products from the host countries to compete with the local Egyptian QSRs. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the comparative case study of globalizing the local products which served by McDonald's QSRs versus, localizing the global products served by local Egyptian chain QSRs which offers some useful lessons for global QSRs entering Arab markets.  This research will explore the importance of adapting marketing mix for global QSRs in the Arab markets through a case study of McDonald’s McFalafel and McArabia sandwich in Egypt. On the other side, the local Egyptian QSRs adopting the same strategies to penetrate the global QSRs' market share such as; localizing the global products (with little modifications), variety of products; standards of cooking; serving; location; training; equipment; decoration and so on. The local Egyptian chain QSRs all the time compete the global chain QSRs to attract large numbers of the global QSRs' customers.  }, keywords = {Globalization,Global QSRs,Local Egyptian QSRs,Competition,local product}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30230.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30230_92764fa8c4ff2b5632404b17917d303c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelgawwad, Mohamed}, title = {Managers' Perceptions of Customers Dinning Choice: Global Quick Service Restaurants in Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {221-231}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30231}, abstract = {The overall aim of this research was to investigate the key issues effect on customers dining choice in the global QSRs (Egypt). These issues have an obvious impact on the customers dining choice in the global QSRs' choice. The sampling frame includes the global QSRs managers and industry experts of the QSRs, such as McDonald's, Hardee’s, KFC and Pizza Hut. The objective of this paper is to find out the QSRs managers' perceptions of the customers dining choice on customers’ eating decisions. This paper looks at the outcome of qualitative research (semi-structured interviews with top management and industry experts of global Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs). Findings revealed key issues affect the customers' decision eating out. The research findings refer to brand image, taste preference, cleanliness, quick service and finally word of mouth. This word of mouth builds a good or bad reputation of the QSRs in Egypt.  This paper makes recommendations should help the local Egyptian QSRs to understand key elements affects the customers' dining choice in the global QSRs market. }, keywords = {Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs),Customers Dining Choice}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30231.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30231_390e0cbca8fb83afc8d63d46b091f1c3.pdf} } @article { author = {Refaat, Amany and Ibrahim, Wessam}, title = {Problems and Challenges of Prospective Accessible Heritage Tourism in Alexandria}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {232-245}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30232}, abstract = {Accessible tourism is about making it easy for everyone to enjoy tourism experiences. Evidence shows that making basic adjustments to a facility, providing accurate information, and understanding the needs of disabled people can result in increased visitor numbers as well as improving the quality of life in local communities.This paper aims to study the accessibility problems and challenges which prevent the improvement of this kind of tourism at some selected famous ancient sites in Alexandria. The accessibility challenges included multi-plinth levels within monuments, stepped access to reach important areas of tourist interest, lack of accessible amenities and facilities, untrained staff, community awareness and a resistance by the heritage conservation professionals to make changes in the built environment. It would be a necessary to strike a balance between the strict conservation norms and the needs of incorporating accessibility to make the sites “visitable” by all. Making heritage available for future generations is the core purpose behind sustainable conservation practices, which should include the participation of people from all ages and abilities. It is important to remember that people are not disabled; rather, it is poorly designed environments that create barriers which disable people. Furthermore, the sustainability benefits of achieving heritage accessibility is not only in the cultural domain, but environmental and economic as well. May this study of Accessible Heritage could be a start to help make Egypt’s history and heritage accessible for people of all abilities for both international and domestic tourists.}, keywords = {Attractions,Heritage Tourism,Accessibility,Accessible Tourism,alexandria}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30232.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30232_48c43dde7598d2efe79c2ee0a6f3da74.pdf} } @article { author = {Fathy, Eslam and Zidan, Heba}, title = {Do Loyalty Program in the Airline and Hotel Industries Affect Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty?}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {246-266}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30233}, abstract = {This paper offers a framework for studying the frequent loyalty programs’ role in flyers’/guests’ satisfaction and loyalty throughout a hospitality and airlines industries. The purpose of the study aims to examine the effect of loyalty programs on enhancing flyers’/guests’ satisfaction and loyalty and the mediation role of satisfaction between the relationship between frequent loyalty program and loyalty in the context of airlines and hospitality industry. The survey used a three-section format, first section asking the respondents about the frequent loyalty program in hotel, second section asking them about frequent loyalty programs in airlines, and finally, ask about respondents’ profile. 276 questionnaires were collected from twice tourist's frequent membership in loyalty programs (airlines/hotels). This study obtained secondary data from Alexandriahotels and performed the Correlation and regression and mediation models to test the study hypotheses. The results analyzed to draw general conclusions regarding the effect of the frequent loyalty programs on flyers’/guests’ satisfaction and loyalty. Results of this study supported the research hypotheses and indicated firstly, that loyalty programs do have positive significant effects on flyers’/guests’ satisfaction and loyalty. Secondly, the airlines’ frequent loyalty programs have effects more than hotel frequent loyalty programs. Thirdly, the satisfaction significant mediates the relationship between the frequent loyalty program and loyalty. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for hotel marketers to understand the gap in frequent hotel loyalty programs and develop marketing tactics, improve hotels’ frequent loyalty programs to maintain loyal guests and maximize profitability as well.  }, keywords = {Flyers,guests,frequent loyalty program,flyers’/guests’ satisfaction,flyers’/guests’ loyalty,Effects,affect,correlation,regression,and mediation}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30233.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30233_09d9f145919afee4e9f43c72a5d7d0a4.pdf} } @article { author = {Zaki, Nawal and Abuzid, Nermeen}, title = {International Tourists’ Behaviors and Environmental Values for Sustainability in Tourism and Hospitality Business: A Systematic Review in Hurghada}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {267-289}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30234}, abstract = {The tourism industry has a dramatic impact on the world’s economy and development. The impacts of Travel and Tourism (T&T) on the natural and social environment have been a long-standing focus of tourism and hospitality researches. Sustainability is a critical business issue that is becoming a mandatory requirement for sustainable tourism and hospitality business. For this reason, it is important to study international tourist’ behavior, supporting sustainable production and consuming sustainable products and services that are functions of travel consumer’s values. The study presented a systematic analysis that focused on sustainability values (SVs) of tourists and the provision of hotels with respect to sustainability .The empirical study used a structural data from international tourists in Hurghada - as a sustainable tourist destination in Egypt. Data were obtained how Sustainable Values (SVs) predict tourist’s choice for sustainable tourism and hospitality businesses and how travel consumer’ values are important in making businesses more competitive. The sample of this study consisted of 450 international tourists stayed at hotels in Hurghada from the period of September 2016 to January 2017.The effect of those sustainability values (SVs), however, is partially mediated by the tourists’ environmental behaviors. Extending the respondents’ behavior, international tourists were grouped into an environment-supporting group called sustainable tourist(strong-sustainers) and an environment-normal group termed (neutral –sustainers). Based on these findings to the tourism market, stakeholders could offer targeted sustainability messages for the proposed tourists (strong-sustainer).  }, keywords = {Tourism Sustainability,Sustainable Tourists,Tourists choices ,Sustainability Values,Environmentally Behaviour Review,Sustainable Green Hotel Facilities (CSGHF),Tourism and Hospitality Business}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30234.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30234_443171111bd162537284e04fb74e7cfc.pdf} } @article { author = {Zaki, Nawal and Abuzied, Nermeen}, title = {Analyses of Factors Influencing Travel Consumers’ Satisfaction and Loyalty as Revealed by Online Communication Platform: A Case Study of TripAdvisor}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {11}, number = {Issue 3 (Special Issue)}, pages = {290-326}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2017.30235}, abstract = {The continuing evolution of on-line platforms, which are now at the heart of modern commerce, has had a considerable impact on the tourism and hospitality business. On-line platforms are often less capital intensive than the business that they intermediate – allowing them to achieve significant market power in short periods of time. A concentration of tourism market power is rarely beneficial for travel consumers. The widespread public use of TripAdvisor has effectivelypositioned itself as a new breed of moderate Travel Agencies and hotels by launching its Instant Booking service recently. It has generated a number of conditions a key marketing opportunity –that have been game-changers – in both beneficial and detrimental ways – to tourism and hospitality business. As a result, many travel agencies and hotels in the 21st century have had to make considerable adaptations to remain solvent and relevant.This study extends the body of knowledge on the influence of perceived quality service (PQS) and perceived price (P) on post-purchase perceptions, satisfaction, intention behavior andloyalty of travel consumers, by enriching its content in the area of tourism and hospitality.Moreover, understanding how online tourists’ reviews – as powerful source of information - affecting online travel agencies and hotel booking decisions. The purpose of this study is toinvestigate how TripAdvisor assessment in travel agencies and hotels in Egypt that contributes to satisfaction and loyalty from the consumer perspective, considering the online dimension of recommendations. This research study applies research method that a quantitative approach directly enriches the research study with different viewpoints from online tourists’ reviews (as stakeholders) and provides a better understanding of study problems. Findings revealed significant inter-relationships are obtained in TripAdvisor use perception, satisfaction with both the travel agency and the hotel, dimensions of loyalty in travel services and the mediating effect of positive online tourist intention to recommend the travel agency and hotel is confirmed.Research limitations/implications – Future research can replicate these interrelationships in other travel services and employ multidimensional scales to measure online tourist attitudes andbehavior.}, keywords = {Travel Consume,Service quality,price,value,Satisfaction,Purchase Intention,TripAdvisor,Online Tourists’ Reviews,Tourism and Hospitality Business,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30235.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_30235_f90c509c535a0738e991324a06c60507.pdf} }