@article { author = {Abdel-Ati, Yasser and Deraz, Amr}, title = {The Impact of Ethical Work Climate on Employees’ Organizational Job Embeddedness in Hotels}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {1-18}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31647}, abstract = {Hotels are now challenged to retain employees and understand why they are leaving their jobs early. Ethical work climate (EWC) is an organizational factor that influences employees’ attitudes and behaviors. Gaining knowledge about the impact of EWC can help hotel managers to deal effectively with dysfunctional behaviors and make a difference in increasing organizational job embeddedness (JE) of hotel employees. JE represents the forces that keep employees attached to their jobs and organizations. Despite the importance of EWC and JE for organizations and individuals, they have received very limited study, especially in the hospitality field. Therefore, this paper examines the extent to which the organization creates EWC; investigates the degree of the employees’ JE; and measures the relationship between these two variables. For achieving these objectives, data were collected using questionnaires. A convenience sample of 700 hotel employees from 14 five-star hotels in Sharm ElShiekh was chosen for investigation. From the 700 questionnaires that were distributed, 385 valid questionnaire forms were received from the respondents with response rate of 55 per cent. To analyze these forms, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, as well as multiple regression analysis were used.  The findings showed that EWC, including instrumental climate; caring climate; independence climate; rules climate; and law and code climate directly influence JE. In addition, demographic factors (i.e. age, gender, educational level, position, and work experience) were found to positively influence JE. Thus, it was recommended that hotel management should apply several ways to keep and hire effective employees, such as prevailing a strong ethical climate in hotels, particularly in food and beverage and housekeeping departments; paying more attention to the independence EWC; hiring male employees aged from 18 to 35 years who are university or high school graduates; and hiring persons whose personal and ethical values fit well with the organization ethical cli­mate.}, keywords = {Ethical work climate,organizational job embeddedness,antecedents of job embeddedness}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31647.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31647_bd02a29d6b8addbc730a7bc6fd191ee3.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalil, Sally}, title = {Women Empowerment in Marginalized Villages via Tourism: A Case of Aswan Governorate, Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {19-31}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31648}, abstract = {Literature emphasized that women empowerment represents a hot issue in today's world as long as governments, international organizations, and local communities are concerned. A nutshell, women in various communities need to get empowered economically, socially, and politically. In 2008, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) implemented an action plan for empowering women through tourism since tourism can achieve woman empowerment by offering job opportunities and generating income.  In this context, the present study explores the ways in which women from marginalized communities in Aswan governorate might do as tourism activities to alleviate poverty, thus contributing to the well-being of themselves and their communities. Survey data was collected using focus group discussions, in depth interview, and by means of physical visits. Secondary data was also combined through literature review of previous studies to provide an overview of the potential of tourism in contributing to women’s empowerment, tensions and complexities in the environment facing women and offered tentative recommendations for better benefits for women. Women in Aswan can be empowered via tourism by utilizing the unique Nubian way of life, culture, traditions and customs, existing heritage sites, nature and hospitality, and handicrafts. The main services women can possibly offer in tourism activities are: Tour guiding and catering. However, they should be trained first to acquire skills and knowledge. This paper concludes some of the issues that need to be considered for better women empowerment through tourism in marginalized Aswan villages. It also suggests a tourist route that demonstrates the potential for tourism activities in these villages and ways to develop women’s role and income generation.}, keywords = {Women Empowerment,tourism,Aswan,Marginalized Villages}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31648.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31648_e131ca2cd213b59f8cbe1a89f363d137.pdf} } @article { author = {Saad, Hisham and Mayouf, Magdy}, title = {Talent Management Strategies and Practices in Five Star Hotels: An Exploratory Study}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {32-49}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31649}, abstract = {This research aims to explore the current strategies and practices of talent management (TM) within five star hotels in Egypt. To achieve the research aim, an online questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. 212 general managers and human resource managers in the investigated hotels were targeted to identify the practices adopted to attract, select, develop, and retain talent employees. The research revealed that the practices of talent management are still at an early stage of development, and the concept and the process require further understanding. One of the key results was that most of the investigated hotels implemented some of the basic principles and components of TM system but the actual practice has not yet been demonstrated as a complete and integrated approach. Most of the managers were aware of the benefit of talent management. This research, therefore, contributes to provide a deeper knowledge and understanding on how human talents are being managed in an important sector of the hospitality industry}, keywords = {Talent Management,Talent attraction,Talent development,Talent retention,Five-star Hotels,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31649.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31649_41e1f42aa663d1b2001e705e77414bea.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Ati, Yasser and Deraz, Amr}, title = {The Effect of Authenticity on Customers’ Positive Emotions and Perceived Value in Korean Restaurants}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {50-65}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31650}, abstract = {Authentic aspects of food and atmospherics reflecting a particular culture of ethnic restaurants are very unique and distinctively different from aspects of food and atmospherics in non-ethnic restaurants. Because of the importance of the authenticity in restaurant business, this study examined the impact of food and atmosphere authenticity on customers’ emotions and perceived value. For achieving this aim, data were collected using questionnaires. Regarding population and sample, there were only 10 Korean restaurants in Cairo. Therefore, it was possible to collect data from the entire population. From the 400 questionnaires distributed to customers in the ten restaurants, only 320 valid questionnaire forms were received from respondents with response rate of 80 per cent. To analyze these forms, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used. With regards to research findings, authentic aspects of the food and authentic environmental factors induced positive emotions and higher perceived value. In addition, the regression results showed that food and atmosphere authenticity had a higher effect on positive emotions than perceived value. The results also reflected that food authenticity were more important than the dining environment authenticity regarding the impact on customers’ emotions. Thus, it was recommended that Korean restaurant managers should keep up the good performance in terms of authenticity dimensions. However, they should improve perceived value, particularly the dimension of hedonic value.}, keywords = {Korean restaurants,authenticity,constructive authenticity,positive emotions,perceived value}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31650.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31650_98c5af15873228caa9da0cf604253e02.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelhamied, Hany and Elbaz, Ahmed}, title = {Burnout in Tourism and Hospitality SMEs: the Moderating Role of Organizational Commitment}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {66-82}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31651}, abstract = {This paper investigates the role of organisational commitment in reducing the negative influence of employees’ burnout, expressed through emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy, on tourism and hospitality SMEs’ performance. Using data collected from 788 tourism and hospitality SMEs’ frontline employees operating in Egypt, the findings show that a higher level of organizational commitment diminishes the negative influence of employee burnout on performance. These findings hold important implications for tourism and hospitality SMEs in the Middle-Eastern and North-African region, especially in relation to the important role organisational commitment plays in regulating burnout negative influences.}, keywords = {Burnout,organisational commitment,Tourism and Hospitality SMEs,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31651.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31651_c5d720ee47f571e54ea09373850581f8.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Dief, Mohammed}, title = {Enhancing Customer Delight in Luxury Hotel/Resort Spa through Positive Emotions and Service Quality}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {83-100}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31982}, abstract = {The main objective of this research was, therefore, to explore the impact of positive consumption emotions and service quality in creating a delightful spa experience in luxury hotels. For this purpose, a survey questionnaire was developed and used to gather data from resort and hotel spa located in 3 major tourist cities in Egypt: Cairo, Sharm El Shiekh, and Hurghada. This context is valuable as it tackles an under-researched region, which may further our understanding of spa delight in non-Western contexts. A total of 327 valid questionnaires were used to test the hypothesized relationships using a linear regression analysis. The results revealed that the positive consumption emotions of joy and relaxation were key predictors of spa-goers’ delight. Moreover, four (out of five) spa service quality dimensions significantly impacted the feeling of delight among the study participants. The study also provided valuable managerial implications, limitations and avenues for future research.  }, keywords = {Delight,positive consumption emotions,Service quality,luxury hotel/resort spa,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31982.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31982_c3465858b9e1ca1e68be3593875cdfcc.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsharnouby, Rehab}, title = {Statue Attributes of the Old Kingdom Queens}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {101-121}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31983}, abstract = {The Ancient Egyptian traditions respect women immensely. Women in Ancient Egypt have legal rights and enjoy an amazing margin of freedom far more than any other ancient civilization. They were perceived and respected legally as almost equal to men. Some women were privileged by being members of the royal family as queens and princesses. Queens held a special position in the Old Kingdom, which was conveyed through their monuments and titles and their distinct sculpture characteristics and features. After studying all the available queens’ statues in the Old Kingdom (from the Third to the Sixth Dynasty), which had forty seven different queens, the researcher unfortunately found only seventeen statues. Consequently, the research presents a complete descriptive study of those seventeen queens’ statues in the Old Kingdom. Eleven sculptures were apportioned to the Fourth Dynasty, two from the Fifth Dynasty and four royal female statues from the Sixth Dynasty. Afterwards, this study recognizes specific iconographical attributes, which differentiate the attributes of queens from the non-royal ones, such as attitudes and gestures, hairstyles, costumes, statue’s sizes, materials and the inscriptions on those available sculptures. Finally, the study concludes by recapping the most important results of our study.   }, keywords = {Statue,Sculpture,Queen,king,Dress,Wig,Fragments,Size,materials,Inscriptions}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31983.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31983_9cb426966eb2dca48e58453e6b85642f.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Mahmoud and Gomaa, Hala and El-Sherif, Nashwa}, title = {Exploring the Potentiality of Applying Smart Airport Technologies in Egyptian International Airports}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {122-129}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31984}, abstract = {With the continuous growth of air traffic, many airports have become transportation hubs for people, information and trade. They have also become more entrepreneurial and proactive to the changing aviation dynamics. This has urged many airports across the globe to implement new technological self-service solutions such as robotics kiosk, facial recognition, automated passport control, and others to be able to manage airport operations effectively. Many companies have also been concerned with the introduction of advanced technology solutions and systems such as communication systems, non-aeronautical systems, and security systems for airports in order to provide value added services to passengers. The current paper aims at exploring the potential opportunity of applying smart airport technologies in the Egyptian airports through the distribution of a show card on four key representatives of the aviation industry in Egypt during the conduction of in depth semi-structured interviews with them. The paper concludes with insights regarding the smart airport tools and solutions that can be implemented in Egyptian international airports.  }, keywords = {Airlines,Passenger experience,Smart airports,Self-service solutions}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31984.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31984_a324106afef46c8a4a52ae35fbb4ab3d.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Mahmoud and Gomaa, Hala and El-Sherif, Nashwa}, title = {Evaluation of Current Smart Airport Technologies Implemented in Cairo International Airport}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {130-140}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31985}, abstract = {The implementation of smart technologies is no longer a feature of sophisticated airports but an important tool in today’s aviation industry. The current research aims at evaluating the extent to which smart airport technologies are implemented in Egyptian Airports with particular focus on Cairo International Airport through the collection and analysis of both primary and secondary data. The primary phase is merely qualitative and depends on both observation and interviewing techniques. The interviews were in-depth semi-structured and were conducted with four key representatives of the Egyptian airport sector. The paper highlights several constraints that hinder the adequate implementation of smart tools and technologies in Cairo International Airport and presents recommendations on how to overcome such constraints. }, keywords = {Cairo International Airport,E-gates,Self-service Check-in Points,Smart Technologies}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31985.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31985_29c08ff8e4286916b8f554227a64d940.pdf} } @article { author = {Mansour, Hassan and Aziz, Wael and Said, EL Hussein}, title = {Dimensions of Service Quality for Improvement of Employees Performance: Study in First Class Hotels in Alexandria}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {141-159}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31986}, abstract = {The purpose of this study is to identify dimensions quality for improvement employee's performance and their corresponding measurement variables in the tourism industry by focusing on four and five star hotels in Alexandria, due to customers focus on the level of services provided to him and increasing the competitiveness of hotel, for that this study focused to quality dimensions and it is buzzwords in hotels industry to improving the employee's performance, and included five main dimensions to achieve the goal of this research (Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Tangibles) their application in hotels not only represents a competitive target but that many organizations seeking to obtain certifications in quality to themselves and their employees that they have an integrated system of staff, a sound infrastructure and applied quality principles in all its divisions generally, In particular food and beverage department which is based on this study. To achieve this objective, the researcher surveyed 520 employees in upscale hotels in Alexandria. Data were analyzed using (SPSS 22).}, keywords = {Dimensions of Quality,Hotel Industry,Employee's Performance,Quality Management}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31986.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31986_3170a1a88c123f3724c099a15b257293.pdf} } @article { author = {Anter, Mohamed and El Nagy, Sara}, title = {The Effect of the Egyptian Pound Exchange Rate Change on the International Tourist Demand to Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {160-181}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31987}, abstract = {Despite the importance of the international tourist demand and affected extent by daily changes of exchange rate, there are a few and inadequate studies that have addressed the measurement of the impact of exchange rate change on the international tourism demand for Egypt. therefore, this study aims to measure the effect of the Egyptian pound Exchange Rate change on the international tourist demand to Egypt from 2010 to 2017.For this purpose, field researches conducted using questionnaires for sample of international tourists and interviews with tourism and Economic experts. This study is based on an exploratory approach to achieve its goals. The main results of this study indicate that there is some countries are affected by the change of the Egyptian Pound exchange rate and others who are not affected by it. It was found that the most sensitive countries to changes of Egyptian Pound exchange rate are Russia, China and India. In contrast, USA and Germany are the less sensitive countries to the changes of Egyptian pound exchange rate. In addition, there is an inverse relationship between the international tourist demand to Egypt and the change of the exchange rate. When the floating system for the Egyptian pound exchange rate was applied, it reduced the value of the Egyptian pound exchange rate in 2016. It also resulted in an increase in the number of international tourists, to 8.3 million tourists in 2017 compared to 5.4 million tourists in 2016. Moreover, the Tourism revenues were about 7.6 billion in 2017, compared to 2.6 billion in 2016. Besides applying the floating system for the Egyptian pound exchange rate which led to the increase in the international tourist demand, there were other factors that led to these increases such as political stability in Egypt.  }, keywords = {International Tourism Demand,Egyptian Pound exchange rate,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31987.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31987_96d962b2b9fd96bf46f683f77986a890.pdf} } @article { author = {Zekry, Nader}, title = {Virtues’ Iconography in the Wall Paintings of Bawit and Saqqara}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {182-192}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31988}, abstract = {Coptic artists relied on monastic literature and religious sources, which described popular religious figures. Such sources represented virtues, as well as symbolic representations in the mural paintings of Bawit and Saqqara. It is noteworthy to find that the illustrations of virtues in Coptic art went through some developments. They may not have been remarkable, but the scarcity of their portrayal, in comparison to the stereotypical themes, such as the depictions of Jesus and the Virgin Mary, is interesting.}, keywords = {Virtues,Paintings,Bawit,Saqqara,Symbol,Coptic}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31988.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31988_cb450edec534328d8f0a3d072b8c2622.pdf} } @article { author = {Mannaa, Maryam}, title = {Profiling UAE Youth Travel: Application of Push and Pull Theory}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {193-205}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31989}, abstract = {Youth in the GCC countries have higher economic resources compared to their peers in other areas of the world. Existing studies have mainly focused on American, European and Asian youth travelers with different cultural background, preferences and behavior from Arab youth.  In response to the emerging youth travel market in the rich GCC countries, this study sets out to fill the gap in research in this regard. The purpose of the study is to highlight the main factors that motivate Emirati youth to travel, the main information resources they use and their tendency to purchase packaged tours. The study applied the push and pull motivational theory to define the most significant UAE youth travel motives. A quantitative web-based survey was used to collect the required data. The findings of this study have proved that pull factors are more significant determinants for UAE youth travel than the push factors.  Besides, it was revealed that the majority of UAE youth depend on the internet for travel information. Finally, the study finding shows that UAE youth prefer independent travel over packaged trips. The findings of the study have many implications for tourism suppliers and marketers who wish to target this lucrative market.}, keywords = {UAE,youth travel,push factors,pull factors,information resources,packaged tours}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31989.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31989_44fd948a04683638acf9b88907731433.pdf} } @article { author = {Zaki, Asaad}, title = {Ahmed Urabi and his Associates: the Arrangements of the Pre-exile to Ceylon}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {206-215}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31990}, abstract = {The British force led by Garnet Wolseley defeated the Egyptian Army under the leadership of Ahmed Urabi at Tel-el-Kebir on 13 September 1882. Urabi surrendered and was imprisoned waiting for his trial. He was tried in November 1882 in front of an Egyptian court ‘but it was a judicial artifice manipulated by London’. He was accused of being guilty of rebellion and refusal to disband his army at the command of the Khedive Tawfik and was sentenced to death; that sentence was commuted by the Khedive to perpetual exile from Egypt. The focus of this work is to expose in detail the measures which were arranged by the Egyptian and the British governments when the trial of Urabi and his associates was finished and before their exile to Ceylon, beginning with the selection of the residence of exile and ending with the procedures of their transfer to Ceylon. The arrangements included what allowance should be given them for their maintenance, whether they should be allowed to select their own residence in the exile or reside in one provided by the local authorities of Ceylon, whether their correspondence would pass through the hands of the governor or not, what amount of surveillance should be exercised over them by the police of Ceylon. This paper seeks to unearth data and stories specific to these arrangements mainly from the primary sources represented in the documents of the British Colonial Office, the correspondence of Lord Dufferin, the letters of the Governor of Ceylon and other related documents which are archived in the National Archives of the United Kingdom in London, in addition to the reports and the news which covered the trial and the exile of Urabi and his companions in different newspapers. It appears that these documents have not been previously consulted to tell the story of Urabi and his associates covering the period between the end of their trial and their arrival to Ceylon on 11 January 1882.  }, keywords = {Ahmed Urabi,Exile to Ceylon,Pre- exile arrangements,the British occupation of Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31990.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31990_503d266c0c3812eef29c1e1f2a066ff5.pdf} } @article { author = {Abou Kamar, Mahmoud}, title = {Behind the Closed Doors: Performance Assessment of Food Safety Management Systems in Five-Star Hotels in Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {216-240}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31991}, abstract = {The metamorphosing environment wherein hotels operate and the growing requirements for food safety have prompted hotels to critically assess and improve their food safety management systems (FSMS) and its performance. This study aims to analyze and assess the performance of FSMS applied in five-star hotels in Egypt through a diagnostic instrument that specifically designed for this purpose. The diagnostic instrument included a detailed checklist to assess contextual riskiness characteristics, core control and assurance activities, and overall performance of the FSMS. The assessment of twenty-five hotels revealed that all deal with high-risk raw materials, have non-supportive organizational conditions, are at a frail position with suppliers, and adapted differently their FSMS to their moderate-risk context. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed three clusters of hotels differing in their FSMS activities levels. The largest cluster showed a marginal performance level which is expected to be insufficient for achieving good food safety outputs given the riskiness of their context. However, a few hotels in this cluster operated at an advanced level and achieved good food safety outcomes. In the second cluster, a limited number of hotels achieved an overall rating ranging from satisfactory to outstanding for the core control activities. The vast majority of this cluster had a satisfactory assessment for the core assurance activities, which seems to be appropriate for the moderate-risk context wherein they have to manage. Like for the third cluster, the majority of the hotels showed overall satisfactory scores for the core control and assurance activities. These findings can support hotels in creating the basis for future improvements  }, keywords = {Food safety management systems (FSMS),performance,hotel sector,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31991.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31991_6c8a3be2cc915a547745c35ff1769734.pdf} } @article { author = {Saber, Ayda and Hamed, Sanaa}, title = {Evaluation of Housekeeping Quality Service in Egyptian Hospitals: Public vs Private}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {241-264}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31992}, abstract = {Housekeeping services in a hospital is entrusted with maintaining a hygienic and clean hospital environment conducive to patient care. Housekeeping services have a direct effect on the health, comfort and morale of the patient, staff and visitors, hence is also an important public relations variable. The study was conducted on a sample of sixteen hospitals in Egypt. The chosen of hospitals was due to Public Vs private hospitals accordance to variety of the locations in Cairo, Luxor and Aswan, 500 questionnaires collected from the patients and their families through the period of May to August 2018. 421 of them were valid with rate 84.2% in the investigated hospitals. The aim of the questionnaire is to assess the level of housekeeping services and personal hygiene habits as well as their effects on patients’ satisfaction. Most of the governmental hospitals being surveyed highlighted that room cleaning producers employees do and room cleaning bathroom producers employees do are still below the desired standard. Besides, housekeeping managerial skills in governmental hospitals are poor. On the other side, results obtained from the private hospitals highlighted that the applicable housekeeping procedures are more positive than proactive. Specific recommendations were suggested concerning the issue being researched.  }, keywords = {Good housekeeping,Environmental cleaning,patient and hospital}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31992.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31992_46863957f0aaaf8d571f63a8d1542e98.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Osama}, title = {Ptah-Sokar-Osiris Statuette of 6A-Irj.t, Daughter of Amenhotep, the Priest of Amen-Re}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {265-279}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31993}, abstract = {This paper investigates one of the plastered and polychromed wooden Ptah-Sokar-Osiris statuettes of a lady called 6A-Irj.t, the daughter of a priest of Amen-Re called Amenhotep. The provenance is unknown to us; however, the mummiform figure must have belonged to a rich tomb of a large cemetery and to a wealthy character based on the rich colors, decorations, and inscriptions. Based on Raven Typology (1978-1979), the statuette fits in type III: "Ptah-Sokar-Osiris with green face" as evident from its features. These features include: a green face with black and white details in the eyes, the ornamented tripartite hair wig with strips colored in blue, the anDty headdress, the existence of a back pillar, the long base with a deep rectangular cavity before the statuette possibly once filled by a figure of falcon that depicts god Sokar. The green color of the face represents an obvious identification with Osiris, "the Great Green", to indicate resurrection. The affiliation of the figure to the Type III in Raven topography addresses its dating to the 26th dynasty. Also, the occurrence of anDty crown is a major feature of the 26th Dynasty Ptah-Sokar-Osiris statuettes. The back pillar was also a fixed component of Ptah-Sokar-Osiris statuettes during the 26th Dynasty as Schneider (1977) emphasized. Moreover, the base cavity was also a typical feature of the 26th Dynasty statuettes of this type. Texts also reflect the same conclusion; the owner name 6A-Irj.t was popular among women during the Late period, the use of (T) instead of (t) in the owner's name occurred in the Late Period variations of the name as addressed by Ranke (1935), the use of the Late Period compound proposition m-bAH, and the omitting of the feminine analytical endings was a feature of the Late Egyptian script. Jewelry contributed to guarantee the protection of the deceased in the hereafter. The broad collar wsx protects the neck and throat of the deceased who is identified with Osiris in his 'joining the earth' day as echoed in chapter 158 of the Book of the Dead. The texts and iconography probably denote an abstract version of chapter 151 of the Book of the Dead which reveals the burial and embalming of the deceased and cope with the purpose of Ptah-Sokar-Osiris statuettes. This means that the statuette is functioning as a little coffin where this chapter used to be inscribed as Gabolde (1990) explained. Thus, the purpose of Ptah-Sokar-Osiris was to facilitate the transition from death to the hereafter and to imitate the resurrection of Osiris as Schneider (1977) highlighted. Gods and goddesses displayed in iconography and/or mentioned in texts cooperated to assure the full protection of the deceased. the winged scarab Khepri on the feet carries the Sn sign by its legs preserves the deceased's corpse from decay and; therefore, exist forever. Also, Khepri rescues the deceased from the enemies in the hereafter and helps the deceased to build herself, i.e. resurrect every day. Eventually, Khepri forms a part of a composition including: the deceased as Osiris, flanked by the names of Isis and Nephthys as displayed in chapter 110 of the Book of the Dead. Beside the two protector goddesses of the deceased Osiris Isis and Nephthys, the figures of four sons of Horus preserve the mummified internal organs of the deceased. Imesty, Dwamutef, Hapy, and Qebehsenuef protect the liver, the stomach, the lungs, and the intestines respectively. Atum guarantees the deceased a seat in his night bark or his sacred seat for millions of years. Re protects the face and the head of the deceased. He helps the deceased to open her closed eyes to see the sun disk illuminating like 'the horizon dwellers. Maat sustains the deceased's hearing in the 'Silent Land' so that he could hear the judges in the judgement court. He hears the truth that no sins are held against her. The deceased wishes to deliver breath from Shu to the tip of her nose which will help her to resurrect. Geb protects the deceased as he does to Osiris, opens the double doors of earth and receive her, and takeover the enemies of the deceased. Anubis opens the two gates of the horizon for the deceased and protects her like he does to Osiris. Finally, the Eye of Horus encompasses the deceased, prevents storms from her, keeps her sound for life, and models its magical protection about her flesh as mentioned in Chapter 15 of the Book of the Dead.}, keywords = {Ptah-Sokar-Osiris Statuette,Book of the Dead,Reven typology,four sons of Horus}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31993.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31993_204bed4099341d163c54f81909a83196.pdf} } @article { author = {Khattab, Mahmoud and Omran, Wahid and Essa, Tamer}, title = {The Historical Development of the Tourist Guidance Profession}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {280-293}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31994}, abstract = {The research aims to develop a positive mental image about the nature of work of a tourist guide, and to discuss the historical development stages of the profession of tour guidance in Egypt, starting from the ancient Egyptian era through the Greek and Roman times until today. The researcher also elaborates on how a tourist guide has changed in the modern era, from someone who just directed foreigners in archaeological sites to a well-educated person who has sufficient knowledge of archaeology and history. Additionally, the researcher highlights the periods when tourist guides had a prestigious status in the Egyptian society, and the time when their economic conditions started to deteriorate. He also talks about the establishment of the first association of tour guides which was followed by the founding of the first syndicate of tour guides.Moreover, the researcher mentions the important role of a tourist guide in the Egyptian modern history and the extent to which it influenced tourism in Egypt. He assured that the absence of efficient tourist guides would definitely lead the whole tourist sector to collapse. Therefore, he concluded that it is necessary to protect and improve the profession of tour guidance in Egypt by removing any legislative obstacles it faces, and by providing Egyptian tourist guides with the convenient social, economic, and healthy conditions of living they deserve  }, keywords = {Tourist guide,Dalil,Syndicate of tourist guides,Egyptian ministry of Tourism,Thomas Cook,Hatshepsut,Cleopatra,Nile cruise}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31994.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31994_31baebf34b2dcadfb0b9c737f7b9446a.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Fattah, Mostafa}, title = {Assessment of the Role of Top Management in the Egyptian Hospitality Industry through All-Inclusive Sales: The Case of Hurghada}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {294-317}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31995}, abstract = {The major role of top management in the hospitality industry represents includes planning, supervision, regulation, follow-up stimulus and top management operations, in addition to the main role in the marketing and sales and achieving the desired goals of the organization's operations. Achieving these tasks can be judged or evaluated the performance of this management. This study aims to examine assessment of the role of top management in the Egyptian hospitality industry through the All-Inclusive sales, through a case of Hurghada destination in the Red Sea Governorate in order to reach the best recommendations and suggestions for the improvement and development of the real role of top management and this will be of great benefits to the Egyptian hospitality industry in general. In order to achieve this aim, mixes of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used. Where it was used semi-structured personal interview with some of hotel general managers and their assistants. Also, two types of questionnaire forms were conducted with hotel employees and hotel. Meanwhile, the investigated hotels are limited to five and four star categories in Hurghada destination.  }, keywords = {Top management,Hurghada,hotel sector,All-inclusive}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31995.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31995_8476cf37e2c8a55c26e680217eaf273a.pdf} } @article { author = {Shafey, Hend El and Morsy, Mohamed and Gad El Rab, Mohamed}, title = {Evaluation of Employees’ Awareness of Environmental Management Systems in Four and Five Star Hotels in Alexandria: A Study Applied to Front Office Department}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {318-331}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31996}, abstract = {Hotel sector has embarked on a course of implementing environmental management practices or a much formal tool called environmental management systems (EMS), an innovation which has been profoundly promoted to offer additional benefits to hotels management, as well as the use of water and energy, which may have undesirable environmental effects if these processes are not properly managed and followed up. This research aims to raise awareness of environmental management systems (EMS) in front office department by assessing the employees' awareness of the environmental management systems, the extent to which the employees apply the sound environmental practices, This research is aim to, the population of the study hotels it must be made to increase the employee's awareness of environmental management systems and application of environmental practices like (waste reduction and energy conservation) and highlighting to importance of the environmental awareness of the employees in first class hotels (four and five stars hotels) in Alexandria. To achieve this objective, the researcher surveyed 150 employees in upscale hotels in Alexandria. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 22).}, keywords = {Room Division,Front Office Department,Environmental Management Systems,Environmental Awareness}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31996.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31996_07c32602774e3e5f75ac11c7ae4e0fcf.pdf} } @article { author = {El Shafey, Hend and Morsy, Mohamed and Gad El Rab, Mohamed}, title = {Evaluating Environmental Management System Adoption in the First Class Hotels in Alexandria}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {332-349}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31997}, abstract = {Many hotels are subject to environmental regulations. A growing practice of the impact of activities on the environment has created a greater need to take into account environmental factors housekeeping department, because this department is most important department for application environmental practice, therefore, an increasing number of first class hotels in Alexandria are certifying their environmental management systems (EMS) by the ISO 14001 series standards. Improving the environmental practice of hotels is one way of limiting the environmental damage. EMS provides a framework for organizations that wish to effectively manage their environmental affairs. Implementing an EMS that conforms to the ISO 14001 standard, therefore, this research aims to assess the environmental practices in housekeeping department, because it is considered one of the most important departments related to environmental management inside in hotel and implementation the environmental practice also the largest department containing the largest employees.To achieve this objective, the researcher surveyed 300 employees in upscale hotels in Alexandria. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 22). To high light of these results, the researcher recommended the need to pay attention to the application of environmental practices and increase the awareness of employees of good practices of (Energy Saving, Water Conservation and Waste Management).  }, keywords = {ISO 14001 Standards,Environmental Management Systems,Environmental Practice,Energy saving,Water Conservation and Waste Management}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31997.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31997_37e06714ec62ebfc36a6b0b055d1fa15.pdf} } @article { author = {Helmy, Nahla and Zaki, Michael}, title = {Evaluating the Hospitality Services and Marketing Activities Offered to Medical Tourists in the Egyptian JCI Certified Hospitals}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {350-381}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31998}, abstract = {Travelling abroad for health benefits is not a recent concept, but it has been gaining more momentum and media interest in the last decades. In Egypt, medical tourism has also become one of the arising tourism types that recently emerged. Medical tourism success greatly depends on the quality of hospitality services and marketing activities implemented by hospitals management and offered to medical tourists. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the overall hospitality services and marketing activities in the top-notch medical centers in Egypt, which are the JCI certified hospitals. This evaluation involves both strong points and weak points of hospitality services and marketing activities offered to medical tourists. Strong points are utilized as a model of professional hospitality services and marketing activities, so as to be given to other Egyptian hospitals that plan to receive medical tourists. On the other hand, weak points are employed as lessons to be learned by such Egyptian hospitals through avoiding the JCI hospitals’ defects and mistakes. This research has selected seven JCI certified hospitals, representing 77.7% of the total JCI hospitals in Egypt. Research has tackled a questionnaire with 47 medical tourists in all visited hospitals for getting the quantitative data and an interview with 7 managers working in the seven visited hospitals for obtaining the qualitative data. Field survey analysis confirmed that there are many strong points which embodied in the proficient marketing activities done for attracting a larger number of medical tourists in the JCI hospitals. Moreover, all hospitality standards are generally followed starting from medical tourist arrival till departure. On the other hand, there are some few weak points such as the limited accommodation arrangements for medical tourists’ companions, no entertainment activities offered to patients in the visited hospitals as well as the preparation of tourist’s sightseeing during the medical tourist visit does not exist.}, keywords = {Hospitality Services,Marketing activities,Medical Tourists,JCI certified hospitals}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31998.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31998_264e6b1bc963487308f576fb41ea0d49.pdf} } @article { author = {Eltobgy, Ahmed and Abd Elmoaty, Yasmeen}, title = {Effect of Applying Blue Ocean Strategy on Marketing Performance in the Egyptian Travel Agents}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {382-399}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.31999}, abstract = {The research aims to; examine the effect of applying the Blue Ocean Strategy on the marketing performance measurement dimensions in the Egyptian travel agents. The quantitative – qualitative approaches were incorporated in this research. Data was collected from the managers and executives in marketing and tour operating departments in 60 Egyptian travel agents in Cairo through using a questionnaire form. Personal Interviews were conducted to help these agents better understanding this new strategy.  The obtained data for this study, was presented in tables comprising of mean, standard deviation, and Friedman's test,  while the hypotheses was tested using, simple liner regression and ANOVA analysis at a significance level of 5% with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 22). The findings revealed that Blue Ocean Strategy has a positive significant effect on marketing performance dimensions in the Egyptian travel agent. Blue Ocean Strategy is considered a quite dynamic process as it affects market shares, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and innovation. The research was finally concluded by raising recommendations for improvement the BOS implications in the Egyptian travel agents, in order to increase its marketing performance.}, keywords = {Blue Ocean Strategy,Marketing performance,Marketing myopia,uncontested market,Travel Agents}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31999.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_31999_ae338c14cab6cfffaa92b1fd732692c7.pdf} } @article { author = {Helmy, Omama}, title = {Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict on Employees Turnover Intentions in the Tourism Industry}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {400-410}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.32000}, abstract = {Work Family Conflict (WFC) happens when work weights meddle with the nature of family life, though Family Work Conflict (FWC) happens when family weights meddle with obligations at work. Then again, Turnover Intention (TOI) is about deliberate or involuntary act of quitting their job (Lingard & Valerie, 2009). The motivation behind the examination is to look at inside 50 respondents in the tourism industry, mainly hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies in Alexandria the effects of Work-Family Conflict (WFC) and Family-Work Conflict (FWC) on Turnover Intentions (Saridakis & Cooper, 2016). This paper expected to look at: Whether the Work-Family Conflict impacts Turnover Intentions of the representatives that thusly impact their Turnover conduct. Whether Family steady association discernments assume any part in impacting workers' Turnover Intentions. Whether these discernments can impact the effect that Work-Family Conflict has on Turnover Intentions and certainly on Turnover conduct. The outcomes demonstrated that Alexandria representatives in the tourism industry who encountered an abnormal state of Work-Family Conflict display more Intentions to leave the present manager (MA, 2017).}, keywords = {alexandria,Behavior-Based Conflict,Compensation Model Congruence Model,Co-workers}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32000.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32000_b6a519f1d14326a804a6380a92a4ed44.pdf} } @article { author = {Qoura, Omar and Ali, El Hussein}, title = {The Factors Affecting Guests’ Consumption Behaviors toward Open Buffets to Avoid Food Leftovers in Sharm El Sheikh Hotels}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {411-425}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.32001}, abstract = {One of the biggest contemporary challenges of management in the food service sector is the highest consumer food leftovers which points to room for improvements in this area. Buffet leftovers are also a serious concern for hotels in the developing countries due to several negative consequences on the environment and food resources and security. Therefore, it is a focal point of interest in media, politics, research, and business. Guest behavior is claimed to be the main cause of food leftovers at the consumption stage. So, the research aims to explore factors affecting guests’ consumption behaviors toward open buffets to avoid food leftovers in Sharm El Sheikh hotels. The present study employs a quantitative method to achieve its aim. Data collection technique for the study is a structured questionnaire to collect data from 314 guests at five-star hotels in Sharm El Sheikh which counted 33 hotels to perceive their opinions about factors that lead to food waste in the hotel sector. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) software. Statistical results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. The researchers selected a convenient sample of guests. Data collection was carried out during February 2018. The collection of data combined visual measurement of individual plate leftovers via photographs together with an online (smartphone optimized) questionnaire. The study has tested six hypotheses of how these factors (subjective norms, demographic, personal beliefs, attitudes, food traits and internal and external environment motives) affecting the dependent variable (consumers' behavioral intention) and how intention affects actual buffet leftovers behavior. The study has revealed very useful results in the way it explored the perceptions of guests on factors lead to form their behavioral intention toward open buffet leftovers. Meanwhile, this mediator factor behavioral intention showed a significant positive effect on actual buffet leftovers behavior (dependent variables)  }, keywords = {Open Buffet,Leftovers,Hotels,Guest Behaviors,Egypt}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32001.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32001_a0ea9da0507fc9ec1101f99e854c60e6.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El Ghani, Abd El Rahman}, title = {Digital Management in the Official Tourist Organizations, Case Study: Egyptian Ministry of Tourism}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {426-441}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.32003}, abstract = {The study presents a link between the spread of digital thought and the use of digital tools on the one hand and the official management of the tourism sector in Egypt on the other hand, which results in the digitization of all operations and administrative functions within the official tourism organization, represented by the Ministry of Tourism. The main aim of this study is to explore the importance of digital management to the Egyptian tourism ministry, and how the managers in the ministry are interested in spreading the culture of digital work within the departments and the conviction of the employees, and measuring the consequences of that. The study used descriptive analytical method, and the study community includes human resources working in the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism, The questionnaire was used as a tool for field study, the data were analyzed and processed statistically using SPSS.}, keywords = {Digital Tourism,Digital Management,Ministry of Tourism,EGYTOMS,Official Egyptian Organizations,Human Resources}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32003.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32003_84b5e63572080085d1b3b227371f4f7c.pdf} } @article { author = {Mansour, Hassan and Aziz, Wael and Said, EL Hussein}, title = {Influence of Quality Management Principles on Employees' Performance in First Class Hotels: A research in Alexandria City}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {442-461}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.32004}, abstract = {This article discusses the principles of quality management and benefits of employee's performance and implementation this in Alexandria city. International standard is based on the quality management principles described in ISO 9000.The descriptions include a statement of each principle, in particular to" customer focus, leadership, engagement of people, process approach, improvement, evidence-based decision making, and, relationship management". This paper aims to examine the implementation of quality management principles on employee's performance in first class hotels in Alexandria and specifically in food & beverage department, the population of study is including 18 first class hotels in Alexandria, to achieve this objective, the researcher surveyed 300 forms to employees who are working in food & beverage department in the investigated hotels. Therefore it seems advisable for population study to be involved in formal ISO9001-2015 projects in order to improve their overall employee's performance. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 23). The results indicated that 46.6 percent of the respondent in hotels are actively involved the quality management principles ISO 9001-2015. A notable proportion of employees in hotels have more than seven years' experience in study population hotels. there are some of challenges and obstacles in these hotels, The most important of these challenges is that these hotels do not have the desire to apply these modern concepts and revert to the routine in the work and the lack of desire to be impulsive and may be due to many of the other challenges that lead to poor performance. Therefore, it seems advisable for hotels to be involved in formal to applying the principles of quality management in order to improve their overall performance.}, keywords = {Quality Management Principles,ISO 9001-2015,Hotel Industry,Employee's Performance}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32004.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32004_4deb1b9aeeb8d9a1d669db124725bc2e.pdf} }