@article { author = {Fouad, Maher}, title = {Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Job Satisfaction in the Hospitality Industry}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35101}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of leadership style on employee job satisfaction in the hospitality industry.The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from Gadot (2007), Manning, and Curtis (2009). The questionnaire was distributed to 300 non-managerial employees working in the food and beverage divisions of five-star hotels.  The results of this study reveal that self-development and promotion, pay and reward systems, empowerment and recognition, and appraisal systems are important factors for employee job satisfaction. Furthermore, the study finds a significant positive relationship between the transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire leadership styles and employee job satisfaction. However, the autocratic leadership style has a negative effect on job satisfaction. The current study demonstrates a significant relationship between employee job satisfaction and leadership style; thus, implementing an appropriate leadership strategy can enhance employee job satisfaction and prevent employee turnover in the hospitality industry. The findings can be used as a tool in human resource management to focus on leaders’ behaviours with their employees and the level of employees’ satisfaction.}, keywords = {Leadership styles,Job Satisfaction,laissez-faire style,autocratic style,ransformational style,transactional style}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35101.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35101_72fbca9644e592b3472ca5e50c6cd106.pdf} } @article { author = {Zohry, Mohamed and Hammad, Ahmed}, title = {Evaluating the Strategic Performance in Tourism and Hospitality Establishments in Egypt "Applied on Alexandria City"}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {13-34}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35102}, abstract = {Strategic performance evaluation has become an important way for ensuring the proper functionof work in different establishments and organisations. It plays an important role in assessing thefinancial, operational and competitive performances of the establishment's work environment.Because of the importance of the tourism sector in Egypt and the vital role it plays in theEgyptian economy and the entire development process, this study aims at identifying the extentof evaluating the strategic performance in tourism and hospitality establishments in Egypt. Thestudy depended on primary data through addressing (11) questionnaire forms to managers of fourand five-star hotels in Alexandria, as well as (42) questionnaire forms to managers of travelagencies "category A' in Alexandria; distributed from October to December, 2018 in order toevaluate the strategic performance and identify how it is implemented in these importantestablishments. The study also depended on secondary data represented in Arabic and Englishbooks, periodicals, theses, dissertations and reports that are related to the subject of study. Thefindings of the study have revealed that there is no optimum implementation of the strategicperformance evaluation in tourism and hospitality establishments in Egypt. The studyrecommends establishing an administrative department for delivering reports to the generalmanager regarding strategic planning, monitoring and evaluation as well as adopting regularinternal and external evaluations for ensuring the level of strategic performance.}, keywords = {Strategy,strategic performance evaluation,KPIs,tourism and hospitality establishments}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35102.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35102_d05abdd06ead6679794a120e5c99482f.pdf} } @article { author = {Yasin, Eslam and Abdelmaboud, Ashraf and Saad, Hesham and Qoura, Omar}, title = {What Challenges Affect Women work in the Hotel industry? Evidence from Five Star hotels in Cairo}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {35-47}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35103}, abstract = {There is a scarcity of research of work influence on women work in in the Context of Egyptianmarket, this rarity involves the area of tourism and hotels sector, So women participation in thetourism and hotel sector is still subject to the influences of values, customs, traditions, social andeconomic considerations at the level of the tourism and hospitality industry, as a whole thescarcity of women work in the hotel sector is noted.This research aims to identify women workchallenges in the hotel sector, to accomplish the research aim, the primary data was gatheredthrough empirical study conducted by questionnaire strategy on stratified random sample ofwomen work in Cairo five star hotels, Department of housekeeping and front office. secondarydata was collected from studies related to women work in hospitality sector, to analyze thegathered data by using Logistic regression could be binary logistic when the dependent variabletakes the values of 0 and 1 (dummy variable) to make sure from the existence of the significantrelationship between study variables and identify the impact of every dimension of Job, Socialand Administrative Challenges on women work in the hotel industry. The results showed that theimage of the society effect on women work in the hotel industry. The results also indicated thatthere is a significant impact of Job challenges on women work in the hotel industry, then socialchallenges have a significant impact on women work in the hotel industry, while there is asignificant impact of Administrative challenges on women work in the hotel industry.TheResearch recommends that the trends of the Egyptian rural society towards women work in thehotel sector need to be studied.}, keywords = {women work,challenges,Hotels,Binary logistic regression}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35103.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35103_908c1cc96e6d8683a8c6936d9564fdb0.pdf} } @article { author = {Mannaa, Maryam}, title = {Travel Information Sources among United Arab Emirates Travellers}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {48-57}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35104}, abstract = {Travel information sources play an essential role in the travel decision- making process. The goalof this study is to investigate the most frequently used information sources by the United ArabEmirates (UAE) travellers and to define the influence of travellers' socio-demographiccharacteristics on their search behaviour. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptivesurvey to achieve this goal. The survey was developed and conducted in Dubai, the secondbiggest city in the UAE. Data analysis revealed that UAE travellers depend on the internet as themajor source for travel information followed by social media (SM) and personal experience. Thestudy findings also suggest that travel agents’ services still sought by the UAE travellers as atrustworthy source of information. Google and YouTube were found to be the most popularonline search engines while Instagram and Snapchat represent the most prevailing SMapplications pursued for travel information. The study results confirmed the growing significanceof SM as a reliable source of travel information and the challenges faced by traditional providersof travel-related information. Implications for tourism marketers in terms of online marketingstrategies were discussed.}, keywords = {UAE Arab travellers,information sources,Internet,Travel Agents,social media}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35104.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35104_08a5f7c7d32964023daf96c084326e1a.pdf} } @article { author = {Taha, Shaimaa and Hilaly, Hala and Rouby, I.}, title = {Exploring the Impact of E-Marketplaces on Egyptian Tourism Intermediaries}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {58-77}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35105}, abstract = {More people are globally becoming attracted to buying and selling products and services via theinternet as the Internet is offering a vast opportunity and an easy way to book packages, searchfor information and get reviews about services through Customer Generated Content (CGC). It isclaimed that both suppliers and consumers are working to push the intermediaries out of thevalue chain; in order to reduce the costs. The Egyptian tourism market is based on the relationbetween the three main partners in the supply chain: service providers “upstream partners”,tourism intermediaries “downstream partners” and customers. Tourism intermediaries,symbolized in tour operators and travel agencies in Egypt, represent the main partnersresponsible for marketing and distributing the tourism services. Thereupon, it was of greatimportance to analyze the current and future situation of those intermediaries, especially in themassive changes resulted from the emergence of the e-marketplaces in the Egyptian tourismmarket. The study aims at answering some research questions in order to decide which scenariowill take place for Egyptian tourism intermediaries amidst the new changes: Disintermediation,Re-intermediations or Cybermediation.A qualitative research approach was used to answer the research questions. In- depth interviewswith Egyptian Tourism Intermediaries, represented in traditional Travel Agents (TAs) in Egypt,Egyptian Online TAs (OTAs) and Egyptian Facebook Travel Agencies were conducted toexplore the effect of the e-marketplaces on their work.The results showed that the Egyptian intermediaries were greatly affected by the emergence of emarketplaces and are taking serious steps to counteract the disintermediation effect toreintermediate in the market. This was accomplished by introducing innovative products,forming alliances, offering niche products and adopting price differentiation strategies. The studyalso provides recommendations for stakeholders in the tourism industry to help them in persistingwithin the changes of e-marketplaces.}, keywords = {Cybermediation,Disintermediation,E-marketplaces,Intermediaries,Travel Agencies,Value chain}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35105.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35105_eab4d77d274e12c4ad02a46c5da1e58c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Rady, Hussein and khalf, Asmaa}, title = {Towards Smart Tourism Destination: An Empirical Study on Sharm El Sheikh City, Egypt}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {78-95}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35106}, abstract = {The quick advancement of modern technology imposes computerization and digitizing to allsocieties. The smart tourism destinations concept comes from the advances in smart cities.Recently, destinations began to reshape their duties and their entrepreneurial logics, involvingtourists as active providers and initiators of their own experiences and considering newtechnologies as the essential instruments for deciding tourism outcomes. It means the advent of anovel pattern of destinations, the smart tourism destinations, in which new technologies are socomprehensively utilized to have a crucial impact on tourism experiences, improves destinations’abilities to compete and favor tourism development projects, starting from these issues.The aim of the research is to investigate the development of Sharm El-Sheikh as a smart tourismdestination and add to the ongoing debate on innovation in tourism, by presenting an interpretativeframework indicating the way in which technological instruments in a smart tourism destination mayenhance the co-creation of tourism experiences. This research used the descriptive analyticalapproach, where a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a random sample of seventy five(75) experts in information and communication technologies and academic experts in the tourismsector. 60 (80%) of sample was retrieved.The research reached several results, the highest mean values for barriers to become smart tourismdestinations emerged for the item “deficiency of staff” (mean = 4.60, standard deviation =0.848).Thehighest mean value for opportunities to become a smart tourism destination is the item “Possibility ofa network of municipalities as a platform for collaboration” (mean=4.60, standard deviation = 0.588).The research recommended that smart tourism destinations should be use of networks andtechnologies more effectively and efficiently. Training programs should also be considered to betterutilize tools and techniques needed, to establish such kind of destinations.}, keywords = {Egypt,Sharm El-Sheikh,Smart City,Smart Tourism,Smart Tourism Destination}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35106.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35106_115109733a4e82cd2aa68fb6b144ae16.pdf} } @article { author = {Elgarhy, Sayed and Abou-Shouk, Mohamed and Fayed, Hanaa}, title = {The Economics of the Egyptian Stock Market and the Financing of Tourism and Hospitality Projects: A Comparative Study of some Arab Stock Markets}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {96-113}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35107}, abstract = {Stock Markets are an important part of the economics of the Arabian countries. Securities tradedon a stock exchange include stock issued by listed firms and bonds. The current study aims toinvestigate the effect of Stock Split on Market Capitalization and Market Value in Hospitalityand Tourism in three Bourses. For the purpose of the study, determinations of whether StockSplit made by Hospitality and Tourism Sector Index’s firms on the Egyptian Exchange, SaudiArabian Stock Exchange and Bahrain Bourse have an effect on the splitting firms. The study useshistorical quantitative data during the period (2010:2018) collected from (ASMs). Based onlinear regression analysis, the findings in Travel and Leisure Index in The Egyptian Exchangeindicated that there is a significant positive relationship effect of Stock Split on MarketCapitalization, Market Value, and Market Value on Market Capitalization. Furthermore, theresults showed that in Tourism and Hotels index in Saudi Arabian Stock Exchange there is asignificant positive relationship effect of Stock Split on Market Capitalization, Market Value,and Market Value on Market Capitalization. In addition, the results showed that in Hotels andTourism in Bahrain Bourse there is a significant positive relationship between of Stock Split onMarket Capitalization, Market Value, and Market Value on Market Capitalization. The resultsalso revealed that Stock Split on Market Capitalization, Market Value, and Market Value onMarket Capitalization was considered the most criterion validity in the three Bourses.}, keywords = {Arabian Stock Markets (ASMs),Travel & Leisure Sector Index,Finance,investment,Hospitality & Tourism Projects,Stock Split,Market value,Market Capitalization}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35107.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35107_938013d42945735bd89b4ffc0a14458f.pdf} } @article { author = {Shaikh Al Arab, Walid}, title = {Denominations of the Egyptian God Ha}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {114-133}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35109}, abstract = {The desert-god Ha had theologically integrated the ancient Egyptian religious beliefs from a veryearly period as he was mentioned in the main funeral corpus of the Pyramid and Coffin Texts aswell. This survey aims to shed more light on the different aspects of Ha and the roles he playedthroughout an analytical study of his formal and particular names and epithets from the OldKingdom (2647-2150 BC) to the end of the Greco-Roman period (332 BC-642 AD). Named «1A: HA, 1A-Imn-Wn-nfr: HA-Amon-Wen-nofre, 1A aA: Ha-the-Great, 1A-m-5tA: Ha in Sheta,1A-4pd: Ha-Soped, 1A-4kr: Ha-Soker and 1r-1A: Horus-HA », the desert-god Ha was describedas « Nb Imntt: Lord of the West », « aA pHty: Great of might », « wr Sfyt: Great of terror », « nbpHty: Lord of might », « nTr mnx: Potent god », « sxm dm pt: Puissance who touches the sky »and « qA-a: High of arm », whose invincibility was thought to provide protection not only forEgypt especially the western deserts and their oases from enemies such as desert nomads,invading Libyan tribesmen, Asiatic people and Bedouin tribes, but also for the Underworld. Forthe most part, the different names and epithets applied to Ha determine definitely his dual natureof hostility and protection: he appeared as a punisher of the foreign Lands and, at the same time,as a powerful protector and a funerary god.}, keywords = {HA,Horus,West,Soped,Soker,Oases,Underworld}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35109.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35109_a9e85ff0b9df822f2e88a48da90ee141.pdf} } @article { author = {Weheba, Dina}, title = {The Use of Global Educational Platforms in Student Assessment: An Applied Approach on Students of Higher Hospitality Education at FTH, Alexandria University}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {134-143}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35110}, abstract = {It has always been the highest aim to focus on students and their needs, in all levels of education,giving them instant and true evaluation of their performance and helping them take correctiveactions whenever needed. Academics need to focus basically on teaching and not the paper workinvolved. Students should feel that they are evaluated without bias, and kept informed along thecourse. This paper is an applied approach of using a free online educational platform as anexample of a technological tool that can be implemented to help both students and academics .The global educational networks are used to allow a complete control over the digital class,where groups of students can be created easily. Students get to participate and share, while keptinformed, and evaluated. The study is giving some examples of educational platforms around theworld that can be useful for both academics and students. A field study is conducted, to collectfeedback from students about the whole experience of using one of these educational platforms,advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study is to explain the importance and thepossibilities created by using this global educational network, by demonstrating the stepsrequired to join a class, meanwhile giving a glimpse on how students felt about the wholeexperience. Real courses are being given using similar educational platforms, and results of theapproach will be given according to the students’ interaction during an entire course .The findings of this paper are very important as they represent the results of a true approach tohelp hospitality academics provide instant and better student evaluation along the courses, whileallowing students to participate, be motivated to keep in touch with class activities at all times,and compete to perform better throughout the course.}, keywords = {Hospitality students,Educational Platforms,student evaluation,interactive learning,student performance}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35110.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35110_1b61e6679cbb3366874d5d7be3a1415e.pdf} } @article { author = {Ezz El-Din, Dina}, title = {Digital Cultural Heritage as an Emerging Tool to Develop Egyptian Educational Programs: Case-study: Applying interactive technologies in tourist guiding education}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {144-151}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35111}, abstract = {In all times and specifically in periods of crises and political changes and instabilities, it is crucialto raise awareness and promote the value of cultural heritage among citizens. Engaging heritagein educational programs is essential to safeguard this wealth as well as to strengthen nationalidentity. To achieve this goal, educational programs have to engage all members of the localcommunities especially youth in order to create a cultural understanding of their heritage. Themain aim of the research is to study the impact of introducing digital cultural heritage to theeducational system in Egypt, specifically departments of tourist guiding in universities. Thiswould consequently preserve cultural heritage and develop Egyptian educational programs.Thestudy will analyze the current situation and investigate the problems encountered in heritageeducation in Egypt. It will consequently suggest the necessary solutions.}, keywords = {education,Cultural heritage,digitization,Tourist Guiding}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35111.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35111_8f28e511818562896613de1d4a709c99.pdf} } @article { author = {EL Shaer, Noha}, title = {Evaluating Food Court Operation in Shopping Malls to Enhance Customer Satisfaction for Different Market Segments}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {152-172}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35112}, abstract = {Food courts in shopping malls become a huge food operation market. Mall's visitors always seekfor good meal with reasonable price. Menus and services in food courts need more attention toreaching for the customers' satisfaction. The overall objective of the study is to analyze thedifferent ways to enhance customer satisfaction for different market segments. The specificobjectives of the study are:1. To identify the influence of prices on different customers ages.2. To identify the problems of the services provided by the food court restaurants.3. To identify different services such as E-ordering, ethnical food, and green food items.There were 500 surveys are distributed in food court of different shopping mall in Egypt (DandyMega Mall, Mall of Egypt, and Mall of Arabian). Questions revolved around age categories andpurpose of visiting the mall. Cross tabulation had been done between age categories and differentpreferences in services. The results showed that, price was the most relevant factor for differentages. There was a statistically significant correlation between dissatisfaction and problems infood court such as places availability, food quality, and staff. The wireless services and softwareapplication were not activated till now. Green and ethnical food items were begun to take placein food courts. This study concluded that the relationship of food quality attributes and customersatisfaction at food court restaurants}, keywords = {Food Court,Shopping Malls,Fast Food Operations,Customer Service,E-Ordering in Food Court}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35112.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35112_7fdcab35805a83632ee544c085105510.pdf} } @article { author = {Helmy, Omama and El Nadory, Eslam}, title = {Conceptual Perspective of Relationship Marketing in Egypt’s Tourism Industry}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {173-189}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35113}, abstract = {This article reflects the examination of relationship marketing in comparison to transactionmarketing utilizing a body of existing literature and the implementation of field surveys in thetourist sector. The primary objectives were to construct a conceptual perspective that helps definethe relations between relationship marketing and consumer expectations and satisfaction.Furthermore, this article examines the major impacts relationship marketing has on today’s everchanging dynamics in the business of tourism. We aimed to provide and identify the elements ofrelationship marketing variables such as loyalty, commitment, trust, communication, mutualrelations, joint values, and the quality of service, and the effects they have directly on theircustomers. The methodology research applied in collecting this data was composed primarilythrough a field survey of travel agencies and their customers who were willing to participate.Although data collected from previous literature played an essential role in the development ofthis framework, the field survey conducted was instrumental in the collection of data thatprovided a perspective on how relationship marketing is currently practiced by some travelagencies in Egypt, and how its outcomes positively impact the building of customer satisfaction,loyalty, and retention.}, keywords = {Relationship Marketing,Egypt,Tourism Industry}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35113.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35113_d942aa4d10a4993582b473f8708573af.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Shamy, Saraa and Ibrahim, Osama and Hassan, Taher and Shaikh Al Arab, Walid}, title = {Goddess Nekhbet Scenes on Royal Monuments during the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {190-201}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.35114}, abstract = {Nekhbet was an early Predynastic local divinity in the Egyptian mythology. Her ancient Egyptianname meant She of Nekheb, she was the patron deity of the city of Nekheb. Ultimately, shebecame the tutelary deity of Upper Egypt and one of the two patron deities for all of AncientEgypt when it was unified. Nekhbet and her Lower Egyptian counterpart Wadjet often appearedtogether as the Nebty name which meant [he/she] of the Two Ladies. It is one of the five titles ofeach ruler. This study aims to shed more light on the cult of goddess Nekhbet throughout hernames, titles and iconographies appeared on royal monuments during the fifth and sixthdynasties. Geographical epithets of Nekhebet were the most common and important ones,especially those that connected with the IIIth Nome of Upper Egypt and its capital, Nekhen.Nekhbet beard several epithets which show her relationship with Upper Egypt and its principalsanctuary. Nekhbet attained epithets that refered to her mighty character «Awt-a:with outstretchedwings » and « 8mAt-pD(w)t: Stretcher of Bows ».}, keywords = {Nekhbet,old kingdom,Vulture,Nekhen,El-Kab}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35114.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_35114_06448090d40c45ad8086d7ffbb8ab874.pdf} } @article { author = {Rouby, I}, title = {Egypt’s Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index in Comparison to Competitive Tourism Destinations in the Middle East and North Africa Region}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {202-208}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.38269}, abstract = {Nowadays tourism has become one the most important industries in the global economy. It has succeeded to support many economies and has been considered a remarkable generator of direct and indirect job opportunities. Therefore, many countries are trying to increase their competitiveness in order to attract tourists and satisfy their needs. Competitiveness is rather a relative concept depending on the variables in question. Many competitiveness models emerged during the last decades. Some of these modelsfocused on the resources, climate, geography of the destinations, while others focused on the level of sustainability adoption and others regarded prices as the major factor affecting competitiveness. This study aims at evaluating the competitiveness of the Travel and Tourism (T&T) sector in Egypt versus some competitive destinations in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. The analysis was based on the secondary data provided by the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report of 2017 issued by the World economic Forum.The report identified some important sub-indexes such as enabling environment, infrastructure, T&T policies and enabling conditions, cultural and natural resources as indicators for T&T competitiveness. In order to answer the research questions, Pearson’s correlation was conducted to assess the strength and direction of relationship between the overall T&T competitiveness index and other sub-indexes. A PESTEL analysis was also conducted to examine whether Egypt has the potentials to enhance its competitive position worldwide if effective destination management policies were applied. The analysis showed that the chosen countries differentiate to a certain extent in some indicators while they share others. As Bahrain and Saudi Arabia are heading others in the pillars related to “Labor market and human resources” and “ICT readiness”, “T&T prioritization” is highly ranked in Jordan, Egypt and Morocco compared to others. Nevertheless, all countries share a drawback in pillar “International openness”. Pearson’s correlation showed that pillars “Business environment”, “Air transport infrastructure” and “ICT readiness” have a stronger positive relationship to the variable overall T&T competitiveness index compared to other variables. The PESTEL analysis revealed that Egypt has the potentials and resources that can support it to enhance its competitiveness in the region. These potentials include “Price competitiveness”, “Prioritization of T&T” by the government, “Cultural and natural resources” in addition to “Air infrastructure”. These strengths have to be sustained by government policies and weaknesses like political instabilities should be effectively restrained in order to improve Egypt’s competitiveness worldwide.}, keywords = {Egypt,competitiveness,MENA,PESTEL,Pearson’s Correlation,Sub-index,TTCI}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_38269.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_38269_4ea05f3dc52de4bbc6ca4fd31f9bfdb9.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Moneim, Ashraf and Gad, Hisham and Hassan, Mohamed}, title = {The Impact of All-Inclusive System on Hotels Profits: An Applied Study to Five-Star Hotels in Hurghada City}, journal = {International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {219-240}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Fayoum University, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels}, issn = {2636-4131}, eissn = {2636-414X}, doi = {10.21608/ijhth.2019.41862}, abstract = {The main aim of this study is to explore the effect of an all-inclusive system adoption on the profitability of Hurghada five-star hotels. The current study adopted a quantitative approach using the questionnaire as a tool for data collection to test the study hypotheses and achieve its aim and objectives. The questionnaire form was distributed over 276 managers from the targeted 23 five-star hotel in Hurghada, and only (200) forms were used in this research. The results revealed that the majority of the hotels use a combination of soft &ultra-accommodation and 47% of the respondents believe that the system is optimal also. There was a significant relationship between the All-Inclusive System (AIS) adoption and the cost management as an essential indicator of profitability, while the effect of AIS adoption on occupancy percentage was not significant. The main contribution of this research is to consider different measures of hotel profitability and to explore the impact of AIS adoption on it. This study is considered one of the fewest attempts to research hotel profitability in Egypt.}, keywords = {All-inclusive system,AIS,Resorts,accommodation types,Hospitality Industry,profitability,financial structure}, url = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_41862.html}, eprint = {https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_41862_878cc786ba65bc2d2d15a7ee3ce5ab0b.pdf} }