ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of the Generations' Differences on Job Burnout in Sharm El-Sheikh Resorts: Managers' View
The burnout become as a result of staff turnover, so that job burnout is identified as a major issue in the human resources management arena, for both employees and management, especially in the hospitality industry. It was evident that there is a relationship between burnout and generations differences. This study aims to measure the relationship between employees’ generations, job burnout and turnover from the perspective of resort hotel managers and supervisors. This study employed structured interview as the data collection instrument. The study chooses a convenience sample of 30 five and four star resort hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh to carry the research. The study showed that gen Y is mostly affected by job burnout compared to other generations. A major significant contribution of this study to the development of a model to study the importance of the job burnout reasons on staff in relation to the extent of the hotel's interest in fighting the causes of job burnout. This study would like to provide hotel managers a clear picture about the burnout levels among their employees in accordance to generational differences. They should pay attention to their causes, negative effects and try to find solutions to the problems they face. Wherever the solutions to minimize them as much as possible.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32005_a1bf5ef1dbb73ce71bf9eef4e46b07bb.pdf
2018-03-01
1
33
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32005
resort hotels
generations
Job Burnout
Job burnout reasons
Ayda
Saber
1
AUTHOR
Tamer
Abbas
2
AUTHOR
Amira
Abd El-Monem
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Analytic Descriptive Study for the Representation of the Christ from the Treasures of Bawit
This research is entitled “An Analytical Artistic Study for the Representation of the Christ from the Treasures of Bawit”. Bawit the city that filled with Coptic monuments, is distinguished from other cities by its unique style that appeared in art pieces. The excavations there have been started by the French archeologist J. Cledat since 1901, and there he found; traces of two churches in which one of them is for saint (Apollo), then the excavations were continued by the archeologist Chassinat in 1911, as he found about thirty chapels in different places probably it was parts of a big monastery there (حبيب, 1978)..The monuments were varied among paintings, sculpture and weaving. Many pieces appeared carrying scenes for Christ either he appeared alone, with his mother or with his apostles as will be discussed in the detail through this research.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32006_064bc3f9771ced8072198aa8b6e8272e.pdf
2018-03-01
34
47
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32006
Bawit
Apollo
Niches
Mofida
Weshahy
1
AUTHOR
Ezzat
Kadous
2
AUTHOR
Khaled
Alpasuoni
3
AUTHOR
Sara
Halim
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Early Wall Paintings for Jesus Christ Represented in the Red Monastery
This research is entitled “Early Wall Paintings for Jesus Christ represented in the Red Monastery”. It dealt with the representations of Jesus Christ related to the early Byzantine period applied on the walls and apses of the Red Monastery especially its sanctuary. Marvelous wall paintings for Jesus Christ along his life stages were found in the monastery of St. Bishay which was known as the Red Monastery. This monastery is located near the Upper Egyptian city of Sohag, and about two and a half miles (3km) north-west of the White Monastery. The name of the monastery is derived from the color of its constructing material of its outside walls, which is Red in color (burnt) brick, resembling the ancient Egyptian temples in their outer shape. Among the scenes of Christ there; is his representation as a child suckling from his mother and also his representation in majesty sitting on his throne among angels and saints (Pantocrator). What is unique in the scenes; is its vivid colors. Much more representations will be discussed in detail through this research.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32008_e34588d23bfc47a403b05bc3a119a168.pdf
2018-03-01
48
58
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32008
Red monastery
Bishay
wall paintings
Mofida
Weshahy
1
AUTHOR
Ezzat
Kadous
2
AUTHOR
Khaled
Alpasuoni
3
AUTHOR
Sara
Halim
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lean Philosophy: A step towards improving the management of hotel supply chain
Effective hotel supply chain management has burgeoned as a potentially valuable means for achieving competitive advantage and improving organizational performance. Competition between hotels has recently expanded to include competition between supply chains. Major businesses around the world have realized the value that lean management philosophy can bring to their supply chains. Lean is a systematic approach that is presently argued to be adopted to optimize the entire supply chain management by eliminating wasteful activities (time, effort and materials), increasing product flow efficiency, reducing inventories, and enhancing customer fulfillment and satisfaction. The aim of the current study is two-fold. Firstly, it aims to assess the current level of awareness about lean management within the hotel sector in Egypt, as a point of reference to evaluate the readiness of this sector to implement the lean concept in the management of their supply chains. Secondly, it further attempts to propose a framework to facilitate the implementation of lean in the management of hotel supply chain. A quantitative methodological approach of a questionnaire has been conducted with senior managers in five-star and four-star hotels in Egypt. Findings indicated that hotels in Egypt are somewhat aware of the terms like, for example, lean management, lean thinking, or lean principles, though more emphasis is needed on how to effectively implement lean tools in the management of hotel supply chains. Lean awareness status differed between five-star and four-star sub-segments. Overall, the results indicated that the hotel sector in Egypt has an adequate level of readiness to implement lean supply chain management (LSCM). It was shown that hotels already have in place certain practices that support this philosophy. Finally, a four-phase framework for effective LSCM implementation has been proposed.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32059_7c83af38556e3640e8bb9d1a0ff2d1b0.pdf
2018-03-01
59
93
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32059
Lean management
lean thinking
Supply chain management
hotel sector
Egypt
Mahmoud
Abou Kamar
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Corporate Social Responsibility in Quick Service Restaurants: An exploratory study of social responsibility activities applied in global and local restaurant chains in Egypt
Ordinarily business is aimed at maximizing their profits, sometimes disregarding its impact on the environment and the society in which they are located. Many researchers have confirmed that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an integral part of the business strategy and corporate identity. Because management and operating systems of Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs) differ from one chain to another, it was necessary to identify their CSR programs and activities. For that, this research aims at understanding CSR by identifying the social responsibility activities and programs implemented in Global Chain Restaurants and local Chain Restaurants. This aim is based on the assumption that unfair CSR is divided based on the size of the company. Quantitative approach was used. A questionnaire was designed to fulfill the research objectives. It was distributed to QSR's managers in Egypt such as McDonalds, KFC, Burger King as global restaurant chains, and Mo'men, Cook Door as local ones. The overall results indicated that CSR is a leading principle of top management at both of the global and local restaurant chains. Their programs are characterized by strategic planning that seeks to achieve both society and environment service and the goals of the operation.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32060_5020b7bd5a680ade3d57dee58d24855a.pdf
2018-03-01
94
108
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32060
CSR
QSRs
Global restaurant chains
Local restaurant chains
Society
environment
Hany
Kozmal
1
AUTHOR
Amira
Abd El-Monem
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Customers' Perceptions towards the Impact of Rumours on the Popularity of Quick Service Restaurant Chains in Egypt
Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs) is always characterized by being intangible and highly affected by word of mouth. Sometimes word of mouth could result in either positive or negative rumours about the restaurants especially the brand ones. This study aims to measure both negative and positive impact of rumours on the popularity and image of quick service restaurant chains in Egypt. Three hundred questionnaire forms were distributed between customers of QSRs in Greater Cairo such as Burger King, Hardees, and KFC. The overall results indicated that the main cause of spreading rumours is the lack of accurate information from the chain’s side. So, the best way for restaurant managers to avoid rumours is controlling their communication channels with their customers in an effective way, and addresses any negative rumor as quickly as they can.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32114_96aa6bb9a7395fd87b60ffbf13392c1b.pdf
2018-03-01
109
123
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32114
Word of mouth
Rumours
Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs)
Greater Cairo
Mohamed
Mohamed
1
AUTHOR
Alaa
El-Tantawy
2
AUTHOR
Neveen
Mansour
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Negation of the so-called ‘the Second Tense’ in Middle Egyptian
In linguistic dictionaries (English, French, German, Arabic, etc..), there is no existence for the second tense, this term was established by Polotsky (Polotsky, H.J., Études de syntaxe copte, Publications de la Société d' Archéologie Copte, Le Caire, 1944), according to his theory, the second tense is a nominalized verb form, and usually used as a noun clause; referring to the subject before the focused adverbial phrase. On one hand, the second tense form is a special case of ‘relative forms’ use. Therefore, on the other hand, it is actually not a tense, but rather use of grammar element. It is simple, one can say the second tense is equal to (Restriction form by innama) in Arabic. As for Arabic and Ancient Egyptian are relating to the same Language family ‘Afro-asiatic family’, one expected that they at least have more or less the same main linguistic terms. In the article, I try to give a general idea about the meaning of the so-called ‘Second Tense’, and its important usages. Moreover, the article focuses on the negation of the so-called "Second Tense."
The point of departure of the article was an investigation of the negative particles according to their appearance in various sentence patterns, I found that some particles are limited to negate the adverbial adjunct of the sentence, whereas others negate the verb itself.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32115_e4abc75c3e8acfb650630ad9fbfe31a6.pdf
2018-03-01
124
132
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32115
Second Tense
Middle Egyptian
Amany
Abd El- Hameed
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Green Practices in Quick Service Restaurants in Egypt (Analytical Study)
Environmental sustainability is become an essential part of business practices in all industries. Consumers' demand for safe and environmentally friendly products has also increased unexpectedly. Therefore, "greening" becomes a key of growth and progress for many organizations. This research aims to identify to what extent the investigated quick service restaurants (QSRs) chains in Greater Cairo implement the green practices. In order to achieve this aim, a self-administrated questionnaire was designed and distributed on a random sample of employees in the investigated restaurants. A total of 480 questionnaires were distributed, only 379 (78.9%) form were valid to analyse. The findings of the filed study showed that the majority of the investigated restaurants indicated that the level of implementation of green practices was moderate in all dimensions of green practices. Also the results showed that the majority of restaurants care about implementing energy conservation practices (i.e., Energy saving equipment and devices, such as energy-saving blubs) are used) on other hand, they aren't care about implementing sustainable food practices.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32116_9115804a0878c310b31a4e9f9536e81c.pdf
2018-03-01
133
144
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32116
Quick Services Restaurants
green Practices
Egypt
Ahmed
Mohamed
1
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Zohry
2
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Mahmoud
3
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elsaied
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antecedents and Consequences of Food Quality in Egyptian Healthcare
This research examined food production/service quality mediating effect in the relationship between the innovative human resource management practices (IHRMPs) and patient satisfaction in Egyptian healthcare. Case study strategy applied in two Egyptian hospitals. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used. A convenient sample included 252 hospital patients and 108 kitchen staff was selected. Findings indicated a strong positive IHRMP effects on patient satisfaction. According to SEM analysis, food service quality factor was fully mediated the direct relationship between IHRMPs and the patient satisfaction. While food production quality factor was not mediated the relationship between IHRMPs and patient satisfaction. The article identifies opportunities to use comprehensive IHRMPs effectively and to develop other food quality indicators that may affect patient satisfaction. This article is among the few studies offering a framework to identify service quality mediation effect in the relationship between IHRMPs and patient satisfaction in Egyptian healthcare. This framework is based on social exchange theory in which quality knowledge perceptions in hospitals could come from IHRMPs, which consequently promotes patient satisfaction.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32117_08fd62578841fef8ee191bbdef89cd7f.pdf
2018-03-01
145
159
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32117
Quality
patient satisfaction
Social exchange theory
healthcare
Egypt
Karam
Zaki
1
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Ahmed
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of the Internal and External Environment on the Sustainability of Business in Egypt’ TourismIndustry
The competitiveness of a tourism business depends on the sustainability of its economic and environmental resources. Business sustainability of services-rendering organizations is one of the major concerns for those at managerial levels world-wide. Tourism businesses are becoming increasingly aware of internal and external environment. As a result, tourism development must be built into the sustainable business development and should be used throughout the tourism business lifecycle. The present study examines the (internal and external) environment which affecting the sustainability of the business in tourism industry to determinate the most successful management strategy .300 questionnaires were distributed to employees of travel agencies in Egypt . Eight hypotheses were formulated and tested using inferential statistics. The results show that business development strategies partially mediates the relationship between the internal and external environment and sustainability of tourism business in Egypt’ tourism industry. The study results suggest a development of business values through business development programmers toward sustainable competitive advantage. It is recommended that sustainability of travel agencies operating in Egypt could be enhanced by communicating and managing business orientations through effective learning and development programmers. Tourism service companies will require creativity, and proactive capabilities in their operations and exploring both current and future business opportunities for sustained competitive advantage.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32118_8c6dd62fbb2b709664d07247bd9ad5d9.pdf
2018-03-01
160
180
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32118
Business sustainability
internal and external environment
business development
factor analysis
Tourism Industry
Egypt
Nermeen
Nasr
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Lean Principles in Five-Star Hotels in Egypt
The hospitality industry faces the challenge to decrease or eliminate their costs and to be more efficient in the near future. In recent years, the hospitality industry showed growth continuously, applicability to implement Lean in the hospitality and tourism sectors to improve productivity and service quality. Nevertheless, the literature review highlighted there are little hotels and tourism organization implemented Lean in their operation. Reason for that, Lean technique used in a single department of the establishments, which lead to missing the overall approach of Lean.
Globally, the implementation of Lean techniques has proven to be successful in improving quality while reducing turnaround times and costs within the hospitality industry. There appears to be limited publicly available current research regarding Lean implementation in Egyptian hotels, leading to the motivation for this study. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the application of Lean principles in Cairo five-star hotels in Egypt.
This research adopted a quantitative approach to achieve the aim, objectives. A questionnaire was used for data collection. 72.5% was the average response rate. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 16) program was used for analysing data. The results indicated that awareness and knowledge of the hotel participants about Lean term not clear for them and they did not know its meaning. The results showed that hotels did not implement Lean principles in their operations. A major contribution of this research is related to enhance the understanding of Lean principles. This research added to the growing Lean principles literature through its review of the previous academic research, generation of new ideas and interpretation of rich data collected from the different sources.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32119_351baea0133ab75364a77190f659a022.pdf
2018-03-01
181
194
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32119
lean
Lean principles
Lean tools
Five-star Hotels
Egypt
Mohamed
Ahmed
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Application of Societal Marketing in Egyptian Travel Agencies
The concept of societal marketing emerged to promote a more socially responsible, moral and ethical model of marketing. It is an approach that adopts a holistic, integrated view of marketing, considering social equity, environmental protection and economic livability.
Societal marketing aims at marketing sustainable products and services which satisfy customer needs and significantly improve the humanistic marketing and the ecological marketing.
The past few years have seen a steady growth in the claims of adopting the principles of societal marketing as a new approach which has led to the creation of many initiatives to address concerns such as environmental conservation, social issues - such as poverty reduction and local and community economic development……etc- and companies' responsibilities towards their employees. Promoting growth that respects culture and environment and supports the well-being of local communities is a crucial issue for the evolution of modern tourism. This requires the increase of awareness and the adoption of responsibility behavior by tourism businesses. Although there are opportunities as well as challenges to adopt societal marketing strategies in tourism business scale, there is a lack of awareness in Egyptian travel agencies of the meaning, principles, importance, requirements and activities of its applications. Thus, there is a need for tourism industry to be more aware of the meaning of CSR, its principles, benefits and its requirements to move the agenda forward (Momtaz, 2008).
This research aims to; Highlight the importance of the application of societal marketing in the tourism sector.Identify the practices of corporate social responsibility in tourism companies.Determine and analyze obstacles for the application of societal marketing in the Egyptian tourism sector Evaluate the application of societal marketing in tourism companies to set recommendations to fulfill the effective application to societal marketing and CSR.Provide suggestions for a successful implementation of societal marketing in Egyptian travel agencies.
It is concluded that although most tourists make purchasing decisions based on such factors as price, weather, type and range of facilities and quality, more and more tourists are also concerned about the ethics of travel and more likely to book a holiday with a company that has a written code guaranteeing good working conditions, protection of the environment and support of local charities in the tourist destination. The lack of CSR awareness, the absence of governmental support to adopt CSR programs, the lack of the budget that is needed for its activities, rare of experts in CSR field and the disbelief of the management in CSR importance and benefits were considered to be barriers that affect CSR engagement in tourism companies.
Field study indicated that Egyptian travel agencies tend to take some form of societal marketing applications but they are not familiar with the real meaning of this term and its practices.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32120_06745727e97291a8ac70af0af28b1569.pdf
2018-03-01
195
213
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32120
Societal marketing
Responsible tourism
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Ghada
Hammoud
1
AUTHOR
Soha
Abd-Elwahab
2
AUTHOR
Takwa
Essawy
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modelling the Impact of ISO 26000 Implementation on Egyptian Hotel Sector Performance
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of ISO 26000 implementation on Egyptian hotel sector performance among hotel general managers, financial managers and food and beverage managers based on adoption seven core principles of ISO 26000 which are organizational governance, human rights, labor practices, the environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues, community involvement, and development. The study is based on a quantitative approach to achieve its aim. The procedure for collecting data for this study used a questionnaire to collect exploratory data. The semi-structured questionnaire online link was sent randomly to hotels' managers and financial managers via email and across social media (Facebook) to collect their perspective.
The results of this study can act as a reference guide to hotel managers, financial managers and food and beverage managers to develop strategies to overcome ISO 26000 implementation challenges. First, the study revealed that hotel’s progress on ISO26000adoption contributed to maximize its economic performance, increasing market share and enhancing reputation. Second, the economic, social and environmental drivers have a significant positive effect on ISO adoption. Third, the result also indicated that the internal, the external and resources barriers have a negative effect on ISO adoption.
https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg/article_32121_5114014e8868618a6d700638d4ce44ea.pdf
2018-03-01
214
233
10.21608/ijhth.2018.32121
Hotel Performance
ISO 26000
organizational governance
community involvement
Egypt
EL-Hussein
Ali
1
AUTHOR
Omar
Qoura
2
AUTHOR